Fidel Castro: The Cuban Missile Crisis

Fidel Castro The Cuban projectile CrisisThe purpose of this investigation is to serve up the question to what extent was Fidel Castros business office in Cuba more real than Khrushchevs office in the Cuban rocket Crisis of 1962. The main body of evidence al d induce(p) investigate how Fidel Castro and Nikita S. Khrushchev were involved with the Cuban missile Crisis. license de luck sorb scholarly journals, articles, books, and documentaries. Documents exit be analyzed in regards to their origins, purpose, measure, and limitations in regularize to properly evaluate evidence. The book, Khrushchev Remembers write by Nikita Khrushchev and Lessons of the Cuban projectile Crisis for capital of Poland Pact Nuclear business operations written by Mark Kramer cook been evaluated and will be utilise for the evidence to formulate an compendium. An analysis of these documents, as well as the summary of evidence will be used to determine Fidel Castros importation in the Cuban projectile Crisis.B. Summary of EvidenceIn early 1962, an Ameri open fire invasion was plotted to e rattlingplacethrow Castros monocracy in Cuba. It was beneath these contours when Cubans learned that the Soviet matrimony was genuinely such(prenominal) relate several(prenominal)what a direct assault of Cuba by the linked States and that they tried to figure out how to increase their countrys capability to defend against an assault (Zubok 9). Soviet leader Khrushchev imagined a cast of protecting Cuban freedom by inst bothing missiles with atomic apparatuss in Cuba without the unify States nonicing or subject to discover until it was too late to do some(prenominal)thing about it. Castro accepted Khrushchevs proposal. afterward hearing that Castro approved the Soviet loss leaders proposal the Soviet uniting began installing nuclear weapons (Allyn 3). Before the Cuban missile Crisis amongst the unite States and Cuba, Castro and American relationships were ten se because of the Bay of Pigs in 1961 (Khrushchev 29).The P nonmigratory of the get together States, seat F. Kennedy, called for a naval hunt of defense from Cuba and used diplomatic negotiations with the Soviet Leader Khrushchev to come to a settlement in the removal of the weapons. numerous events took place during the negotiations that influenced the increased tensions and appeargond to bring the world even mop upr to a nuclear catastrophe (Brenner 6). genius of the numerous incidents was that the fall in States believed that Castro was the one who legitimate Cuban weapon to inflame at the U.S. scans on the morning of 27 October, 1962 (Hershberg 7). Even though Castro whitethorn give orde red ink Cuban gun to fire, on that point was no evidence that he prep argond Soviet artillery to fire (Fursenko 42). In gain, an incident that took place and influenced the increased tension between the countries was Castros letter to Soviet Leader Khrushchev which suggested t hat the Soviet Union should drive a first-strike nuclear attack on the United States (Kramer 126). Castro was pushed into an alliance with communist Soviet Union which left over(p)over Castro suspicious of American designs in Cuba (Burr 7). The Cuban rocket Crisis came to an end on 28 October 1962 when both the Poccupier of the United States and the Soviet Leader came to a settlement which was the Soviet Union removing their weapons from Cuba composition organism watched by the United States and the United States removing their naval line of defense and burnished that they would non overrun Cuba. Soviet Leader Khrushchevs announced a in the buff order on the radio which was to dole out a get just about the weapons that they piddled (Welch 234). Castro would not supply in the negotiations which left the situation to be heady between the United States and the Soviet Union. Soviet Leader Khrushchevs announcement on the radio to intromit apart the weapons not stunned and hu miliated Castro for not taking part in the negotiations (Garthoff 51). Although Soviet Leader Khrushchev was in charge during the time finale of the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, Castro was nevertheless very much involved with the deployment of nuclear weapons and the wound of the conversion ende. Castros reference in the Cuban Missile Crisis was beauteous significant in the Cuban Missile Crisis however, because he did not recruit in the negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union his role in the Cuban Missile Crisis was not as great as mine (Khrushchev 101-102).C. Evaluation of SourcesLessons of the Cuban Missile Crisis for Warsaw Pact Nuclear Operations by Mark Kramer, a police detective from the Davis Center for Russian Studies, in any scale known as The Russian Research Center at Harvard University, presents a expatiateed and comprehensive account of the origins of the Cuban Missile Crisis. The book goes into percent eon superman about how Fidel Ca stro visualizes Cubas troubles and what he hopes to do about it derived from this account of a ludicrous conference held in Havana in 1992. The purpose of this source is to get what Cuba was going through during the Cuban Missile Crisis and what Cuba has learned from this situation that took place. The value of this source is that this facilitates answer the question to what extent was the entailment of Fidel Castros role in the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 because this sources helps aid the comprehension on Castros influence on Cuba. This source is similarly important because it is written by a researcher that has studied the Cuban Missile Crisis for several eld and a camp of information on the topic. A limitation of this source is that it does not court why Castro allowed the Soviet to install missiles. An opposite limitation is because this source is written in the Soviet Leaders perspective, the role of Fidel Castro in the Cuban Missile Crisis not emphasized.Khrushchev Remembers written by Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet Leader during the time degree of the Cuban Missile Crisis pass ons an elaborate and inclusive description of the origins of Soviet Leader Khrushchevs hold ups during the Cuban Missile Crisis. It goes into elaborate detail about his memories on the Cuban Missile Crisis and his recollections strengthen the impression of gratitude for small things won or not lost. The purpose of this source is to depict what the Soviet Leader of Cuba remembered during the Cuban Missile Crisis period. The value of this source is that this helps answer the question to what extent was Fidel Castros role in Cuba significant in the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 because of the source going into detail about Castro presence during the Cuban Missile Crisis. This source is in like manner valu adapted because this is t experient in the point of realise of the man who was in charge of the Soviet Union during the crisis. A limitation of this source is that it does not help manoeuver why Castro make the tidy sum agreement with Russia. Another limitation is that collectable(p) to the late(a)ly discovered facts about the Cuban Missile Crisis, all facts pertaining to the Cuban Missile Crisis may not be given.D. AnalysisFidel Castros importance in the Cuban Missile Crisis was to damage the re spueation of Americans and its inference with internal issues because Cuba was worryed about the failed Bay of Pigs humiliation that they faced (Zubok 9). There was a excogitationned invasion that to overthrow Castros dictatorship in Cuba and the United States was willing to help (Allyn 3). In addition, Soviet Leader Khrushchev installed missiles with nuclear warhead without the consent of the United States. Castro allowed the Soviets to install missiles so close to the United States which brought the world to the marge of nuclear war because the United States set out and retaliated (Khrushchev 29). Castro was able to install such weapons because Castro made a trade agreement with Russia where Cuba sent sugar to Russia in return for oil, machines and money (Brenner 6).Castros role was significant because he allowed Soviet Leader Khrushchev to follow through with the plans he created and because he made a trade agreement with Russia to be able to produce weapons of mass destruction. However, sources bemuse express that Cuba sent missiles out because of the strategic inequality between the United States and the Soviet Union. Cuba wanted to balance power therefore, they felt they acquireed to build nuclear weapons (Hershberg 7).Castro ordered the anti-aircraft officers to gun start the United States reconnaissance plane (Fursenko 42). This demonstrates Castros significance in the Cuban Missile Crisis because he ordered that the plane was zest down and it was which conveys his significance because it was Castros decision that got the plane shot down (Kramer 126). In addition, Castro recommended that the Soviets launched a nuclear attack on the United States. This was Castros greatest significance in the Cuban Missile Crisis. Castros willingness to use violent behavior persuaded Soviet Leader Khrushchev the importance of preserving world peace (Burr 7). The United States stopped trading with Cuba due to the renaissance organism shot down and Cuba nationalized all American-owned companies.Moreover, Castros drop of participation in negotiations was another big stir. Because Castro did not participate in the negotiation he was unaware of what was being compromised (Welch 234). For instance, when Soviet Leader Khrushchev take all the weapons from Cuba, Castro was unaware of the Soviet Leader making that decision (Garthoff 51). Because the Cuban Missile Crisis was between the United States and the Soviet Union, it should consider been classified as the Cuban American relation. Soviet Leader Khrushchev states that Castro was solely responsible for the shooting of the renaissance plane (Khrushchev 101). Also, he stated that Castro encouraged the Soviet Union to launch a preemptive strike against the United States. This demonstrates that Castro was a vast impact on the Cuban Missile Crisis because Soviet Leader Khrushchev confessed and states that Castro was amply responsible for the shooting of the plane and launching the strike against the United States. This also depicts that Castro ignited the Cuban Missile Crisis because when the plane was shot down the United States wanted to retaliate immediately and now knowing that Castro was responsible for the plane being shot down we know that he ignited the burn under the United States.E. ConclusionIt is possible to say that Fidel Castro had a abundant impact on the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. Because Castro was responsible for the shooting of the renaissance plane, his role in the Cuban Missile Crisis was greatly significant. This is because when Castro shot down the plane, the United States wanted to strike patronize immediatel y therefore, the tensions between the ii countries rose after Castros decision. Also Castro encouraged the Soviet Union to launch a preemptive strike against the United States. This was another huge impact because Cuba alarmed the United States and made the United States stimulate fully proceed for a nuclear war. furthermore, because Castro allowed the Soviets to install missiles so close to the United States lot say that he is responsible for the Cuban Missile Crisis. Because of Fidel Castros actions and decisions, the world was brought to the brink of the nuclear war which demonstrates that Castro did bring a significant role in the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. However, Castro cannot receive full credit for the Cuban Missile Crisis because the major role belonged to Soviet Leader Khrushchev, who caused the entire occurrence of the crisis and resolved the crisis. Nevertheless, one can say that Castro had a huge impact on the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962.Although there are m any conclusions that could be made about if Fidel Castro had a significant role in the Cuban Missile Crisis, I believe that Fidel Castro had just as much of a significant role as Soviet Leader Khrushchev did because Castro helped make the decisions that were made therefore, Castros role was significant role in the Cuban Missile Crisis.F. List of Sourceshorse parsley Fursenko, Tactical Nuclear Weapons, Soviet Command Authority, and the Cuban Missile Crisis frigorific War International History send Electronic Bulletin 3Bruce J. Allyn, Using KGB Documents the Scali-Feklisov Channel in the Cuban MissileCrisis. Print., 1995David A. Welch, The Sino-Indian Conflict, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Sino-Soviet Split,October 1962 New Evidence from the Russian Archives Print., 1996James G. Blight, Kramer vs. Kramer Or, How Can You film Revisionism in the Absence ofOrthodoxy? Cold War International History Project Electronic Bulletin 3 Print., 1993James G. Hershberg, More on Bobby and the Cuban Missile Crisis Print., 1997Khrushchev, Nikita S. Khrushchev Remembers Ed. and trans. Strobe Talbott. Boston LittleBrow, 1970Kramer, Mark The Lessons of the Cuban Missile Crisis for Warsaw Pact Nuclear OperationsPrint., 1997.Philip Brenner, The Crisis and Cuban-Soviet Relations Fidel CastrosSecret 1968 pitch Print., 1995Raymond L. Garthoff, New Evidence on the Cuban Missile Crisis Khrushchev, NuclearWeapons and the Cuban Missile Crisis Print., 1998.Vladislav M. Zubok, Dismayed by the strikeions of the Soviet Union Mikoyans talks with FidelCastro and the Cuban leadership, November 1962, Print., 1995William Burr, Soviet Cold War Military Strategy Using declassify History Print., 1957. berth Study Adult with Learning DisabilityCase Study Adult with Learning DisabilityThe typeface I have chosen involves a portion drug user that has been with the office staff for a while now. He was neglected and cut off from his family during his childhood and has since been longing for a s ee attachment or contact with a family. His condition brings about a lot of anxiety and this has made him very unsettled.I am move with the Luton Borough Council alliance Adult accomplishment disability aggroup. The aggroup is a statutory internal representation its primary function is to provide hold to bragging(a) with scholarship disabilities and their allotrs. answer users and their go tors are pre-assessed or screened under the Fair access code to kick eligibility criteria. This mental process meets that swear outs are tailored to meet the necessitate of the individual. It jibes that potential proceeds users with comminuted and substantial risk, postulate and support are not lost in the establishment. maculation great(p)s with curb or low risk needs are given advice and provided with useful information that will help them to meet their needs.The legislation applicable to this case includes the National avail roleplay 1948 National health Service and Community dread motion 1990 the Mental wellness do 1983 (as amended by the Mental wellness function 2007), the Human Rights Act 1998 and the selective information Protection Act 1998. applicable policies include the Fair Access to Care which withdraws topical anaesthetic councils to grade eligibility criteria into quaternion bands of need (critical, substantial, moderate and low) ground on the seriousness of the risk to independence if problems and issues are not addressed. Applicants for work are assessed using the natural individual Assessment Process first outlined in the National Service Frame litigate (NSF) which incorporates the eligibility estimate, make do plan apostrophize, annual mind, places, advocacy and referrals. (Royal College of Psychiatry Website, 2010, para. 4.10)A Pen Picture of the Service User.To protect the privacy of the service user and other individuals involved I have anonymised their soulfulnessal details. This is in line with the pr eps of the Data Protection Act 1998 and the Data Protection form _or_ system of government of the authorization. share 6.2 of the Act, states that local authorities have a general concern in common rectitude to safeguard the confidentiality of personal information which they take in in connection with their sociable go functions DoH (2000) p.34. This legal office is managed through the Data protection policy of the agency and monitored by police squad managers. Specifically I have substituted the service users name to Mr X and all other actors are also not named.Mr X is a 31-year- old male with small-scale discipline disability and a borderline disposition disorder. He was born in Luton but brought up in Hastings. By virtue of his birth and the fact that he was first accessed for genial get by service in Luton Mr X is deemed to be ordinarily resident in the Luton area under the National Assistant Act 1948. voice 24.1 of the Act empowers and mandates local authoritie s to provide residential accommodation for vulnerable citizenry (made vulnerable by disability or age) who are ordinarily resident in their area. OPSI (2008) p. 2His parents divorced when he was five years old, he has had very little contact with them since then. He is the eldest of three siblings. He has had no contact with his but sister following allegations made by her against him of inner step. Contact with his brother who catamenialy acknowledges in Hastings is limited to the effortless cards and phone calls.Mr Xs childhood was characterised by upheaval and deprivation. As a result he has found it surd to form attachment of his own due to changeless changes in his animate determinements. In 1999, while nourishment in Hastings, he expressed a wish to pass away back to Luton. He secured a tenancy with a local housing railroad tie and was given intensifier support by the local independent living police squad. This arrangement soon skint down because Mr X craved co nstant attention. He indulged in self-Injurious behaviour such as self-harm and a dip to set fire to property.The disposal to self-harm is not uncommon in spate with learning disabilities. Research recently carried out in a precise area of Wales by Lowe (2007 cited in Heslop Macaulay, 2009, p. 13 14) found that 9% adults and children over the age of five using learning disability go were considered to self-injure.Furthermore Heslop and Macaulay (2009, citing Haw and Hawton, 2008 Hawton and Harriss, 2007 Milnes, 2002) p.15 handles that passel with multiple biography problems are more be wish well to self-harm. Key amongst these is relationship problems with a partner or family member. Other problems report include problems with employment (including unemployment) or studies, and financial problems. This may explain Mr Xs tendency to self-harm.In 1999, after a series of threats to end his life Mr X was detained in a local hospital under branch 3 of the Mental wellness Ac t 1983. This was to allow Mr X to receive intensive manipulation in a protected environment. Without immediate thrillment Mr X would have been a danger to himself by reason of self-harm and to others by his fire setting tendencies.According to Rethink (2010) p. 1 4 The Mental wellness Act 1983 (as amended by the Mental wellness Act 2007) is the law under which a person can be admitted, detained and treated in hospital against their wishes. It goes on to state that Section 3 allows a person to be admitted to hospital for treatment which moldiness be necessary for their health, their guard duty or for the protection of other people and it cannot be provided unless they are detained in hospital.Mr X was treated successfully and was reintroduced into the partnership in 2002. Since then he has lived in several residential and back up living settings (from Wales to Birmingham). Coping with life in the club has led to self-neglect, the accruing of debt and at measure anxiety. As a result Mr X still requires intensive support.In Jan 07 he left his residential placement in Telford to look for his mother whom he hadnt seen since he was ten, with the intention of revealing a relationship with her. While looking to secure a placement, he lived with his mother and her partner.The relationship with his mother soon broke down due to his violent and threatening behaviour. On one spring he endanger to set the house on fire and his mother had to call the police. As a result he was detained under section 2 of the Mental Health Act to reassess his mental health. His condition was such that if untreated he represents a risk to himself and other around him.According Rethink (2010) p. 2 Section 2 of the Mental Health Act 1983 (as amended by the Mental Health Act 2007) allows a person to be admitted to hospital for an judging of his or her mental health and to receive any necessary treatment. An admission to hospital under Section 2 is usually used when the patient has not been assessed in hospital before or when they have not been assessed in hospital for a considerable period of time. Detention under this section is for a supreme of 28 days. It cannot be re invigorateded but can be followed by a Section 3 order. In Mr Xs case, clutch under Section 2 was appropriate because he was last assessed in 2002.After his discernment and treatment Mr X was released back into the lodge. He requested for a flat tire of his own close to his relations. With his approval a supported living placement that met his needs was identified and secured for him at a local address in March 2007.Contact was made with the local learning disability service on Mr Xs behalf so he could have local support, should he become anxious. The psychology team and the learning disability nurse attempted to work with him on a regular initiation, however Mr X explained that he would like to move from the area and therefore their services were not necessary. As a result the services were dis pass overd to respect his wishes as not doing so may be viewed as being oppressive in work out and a br from each one of his human serious.The respect principle of the Mental Health Act 1983 (as amended by the Mental Health Act 2007), states that the assorted needs of the service user must be recognised and value their views, wishes and feelings, so far as they are reasonably as trustworthyable must be considered and followed wherever practicable and consistent with the purpose of the decision. There must be no unlawful discrimination. (Law Summaries, Sherwood Directory 2010, p.20)The Webster Online dictionary defines discrimination as inequitable treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice. As social workers we are evaluate to be anti-discriminatory and anti-oppressive in rehearses. These principles are captured in National Occupation Standard and the GSCC codes of practice. In particular work out 4 emphasises the need to respect the justlys of service users while seeking to ensure that their behaviour does not harm themselves or the people around them. GSCC, 2010, p. 9. While value D emphasises the need to value, recognise and respect the diversity, expertise and experience of the individuals, families, considerrs, groups and communities. NOS (2010) p. 8.Mr X then moved to Birmingham and lived there for just over 14 months, his skills have developed over this time particularly in intervention domestic activities such as cooking, cleaning and some aspect of budgeting for hygienic meal, however he is unable to know if he gets the correct change in a sale.Thereafter Mr X moved to Northampton to be close to his family. At this point a review was carried out and a care plan implemented. Mr X expressed the desire to learn to drive, do some voluntary work in the community and have a relationship. He undertook to stay in this accommodation for at least 3 years to engage in extended personal development.But he only lived at the above residential lieu for a year. He found it serious to settle and found the change of staff difficult to heap with. During his regular review Mr X agreed with the support of his advocate to be part of getting life programme, where he would be assessed on what he would like to do in future as he had a desire to return to the Luton area he refused the offer. He recently dilapidated his placement in Northampton and moved in with his maternal uncle. He has been in touch with the Luton council to request a placement in the Luton area. This move is Mr Xs involvement at the moment.From his records, his incumbent support needs centres mainly around his reputation disorder. He finds it difficult to get along with other residents and often complained of being scared of the people around him. This makes him anxious and restless, creating a desire to move again.Whenever he feels events are not consistent with his expectations i.e. his desire to move, he becomes agitated. This leads to numer ous phone calls to social services, the police and anybody he can get on the end of a phone line. Recently he threatened to take his own life by jumping off a dyad or taking an overdose.This desire to constantly relocate has made it difficult for him to engage in extended personal development activities necessary for him to develop the interpersonal skills he requires. In addition he has not been able to establish long social links of his own.The PlacementI was placed with the Luton Borough Council Community adult learning disability team. The team is an integrated team made up of various professionals including social workers, community care workers and community nurses. It provides a maven stop pasture / Single Access point for the teams target group, which are adults aged 18yrs 65yrs with learning disabilities and their carers, who live at bottom the Luton Borough Council area.The role of the team within the social welfare spectrum is to provide comprehensive assessment of the needs of people with learning disabilities and their carers, which forms a basis for developing a package of support (care plan) to meet the assessed needs. The team also monitors the care plan through regular reviews to ensure that the plan has been properly implemented and that it is still appropriate. Changes are made to the care plan where appropriate.Other services open through the team includeAdvice and referrals to other services, such as day-time activities, supported employment or residential care, specialist health servicesThe provision of specialist nursing servicesAssessment of carers needs and sign observance to relevant support services.Support for young adult transiting from children service to adult servicesSupport for service users to access community based services. set up the safeguarding of venerable adults process etc. (Luton Borough Council website.)Referral is a very important part of what the team does. Many service users come to the attention of the te am by way of referral from other professionals such as GPs, teachers etc. Also the team refer service users to other support agencies. For instance service users who require employment (paid or voluntary) are referred to D4 a career support team within the Luton Borough Council. They assist service users to write their CVs, expect out personal line of credit search, prepare for interviews and provide on-going supporting for service users in employment.The team promotes anti-discriminatory practice and is committed to continuous improvement in the pitch of its services.The Legal canon of the placement AgencyThe legal mandate of the Luton Borough Council Community adult learning disability team derives from the National assistance Act 1948 and the National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990.The National supporter Act 1948 gives local Authorities the powers and duties to promote the welfare of people ordinarily resident in their area that are blind, deaf or dumb, mentall y ungraded or substantially and permanently handicapped by illness, injury or congenital deformity (sec 29) (Sherwood Diaries and Directory (2010) p. 11).The NHS and Community Care Act 1990, signified an important development in the philosophy of community care and in the delivery of service called for in other legislations (Sherwood Diaries and Directory (2010) p. 16)Unlike previous legislation the NHS and Community Care Act 1990 lays emphasis on an assessment led care management approach (CPA) that is shaped to fit individual needs in contrast to previous practice of categorisations of service users to fit pre-defined service packages. To get ahead this approach requires a partnership between professionals (social workers etc.) and carers in assessing the needs and designing individualised / person centred care programs.The Act also requires service providers to take into shape the wishes of the service user in determining the type and take aim of any service required. This can lead to several conflicts some are discussed later in this paper.According to Powell (2001 para. 15) the Act gives legal backing to the archetype that the primary function of the public services should be to design and arrange the provision of care and support in line with peoples needs. That care and support can be procured from a variety of sources. There is value in the multiplicity of provision, not least from the consumers point of view, because of the widening resource, flexibility, innovation and argument it should stimulate. In this arrangement, it is vital that social service authorities see themselves as arrangers and purchasers of care services not as monopolistic providers (Griffiths Report 1988 para. 3.4).The current delivery arrangements adopted by the Luton Borough Council have a more recent history. Its origins can be traced to the Health Act of 1999 which sought to remove the Berlin Walls hampering quislingism and cooperation between various agencies by int roducing a number of flexibilities into health and social care delivery. matchless such flexibility is the One Stop shop or integrated provisioning concept, through which health and local authorities provide a combined service through a multidisciplinary team.Initial assessment of potential service users is carried out against a set of eligibility criteria known as the Fair Access to Care Services (FAC). There are intravenous feeding eligibility bands under FAC. Namely critical, substantial, moderate and Low. Each band represents a level of need. Priority levels are assigned based on the likely consequences if the needs of the service user are not met. The amount of help useable from family and friends are also taken into consideration.After the initial assessment, a care plan is prepared for people who meet Luton Borough eligibility criteria. The care plan documents what the service users needs are and the way in which these needs will be met. The care plan is agreed with the ser vice user, their family and all those involved in providing care to the service user such as, nursing home, residential home etc.The Legal Status of the SubjectMr X is an adult with mild learning disability and personality disorder. Having gone through our eligibility criteria / screening a care plan was developed for him. His care plan is reviewed regularly and his arousal is sought to ensure that the plan is relevant and impacts to meet his needs and aspirations. former(prenominal) in 2007, he was detained under section (2) of the Mental Health Act, due to his violent and threatening behaviour to his mother and those around him. He threatened to set her house on fire and to kill himself. The aim of the detention was to carry out an assessment and provide the necessary treatment. He has since been fired back into community care.As his behaviour in recent times have not been violent or of any serious concern there is currently no plan to detain him unless there is a serious deter ioration in his condition.Critique of the Social Policy Initiatives relevant To My Placement Agency and the SubjectAs mentioned above the NHS and Community Care Act 1990 marked a watershed in the development of social care policy in the UK. It was the first attempt to bring in the concept of marketisation into the provision of social care services. (Brambleby 2009, para. 15)According to Powell (2001) para. 18, Community care was to be used as a vehicle for the marketisation of the public sector. Thus, a contract culture was applied to the provision of personal social services and social services departments would need to develop processes to specify, commission and monitor services delivered by other agencies. (DoH 1989 p. 23).The prevalent wisdom at the time was that marketisation will encourage improvement in the quality and scope of services provided, promote innovation, lead to reduction in cost and provide greater prime(prenominal) for the service user.The policy which is base d on the triumvirate of autonomy, empowerment and choice was endorsed by many commentators as the political and philosophical panacea for alleviating the deep and baneful problems confronting the community care system in the UK (Levick 1992, cited in Powell 2001, para. 1)Many commentators have raised issue with the NHS and Community Care Act. For one many of the advantages modern for the marketisation of the Community Care services were not achieved immediately as the process of these organisational changes were immensely complex (Powell 2001 para. 20).Another flaw in the NHS and Community Care Act 1990 was that the precise grant diverted to local authorities in order to implement the outcomes of individual assessment and encourage the generation of services in the private and voluntary sectors was only ring-fenced in the short term. (Powell 2001, para. 18)This has had specific and wide reaching effect on people with mild learning disability as local authorities are required by law to address available resources to those with greatest need. In situation where there is high competition for resources those with mild learning disabilities are often neglected.Eligibility criteria are another area where the law is a bit unclear. According to Spencer-Lane (2010 para. 7) erstwhile a local control has completed an assessment, it must decide whether or not to provide services. chthonian the current law, eligibility for services is determined by reference to statutory guidance (Fair Access to Care Services (DH 2002) and Health and Social Care for Adults (WAG 2002) and often-overlapping statute law, such as the National Assistance Act 1948 and the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970. In our view this structure is complex and at times impenetrable.According to the Law delegation Report (2008 p. 28) this has led to two main criticisms of this frameworkit produces wide local variations in eligibility for services for example in 2006-07, a report by the Comm ission for Social Care Inspection found that 62% of councils in England operated at the highest two levels of substantial and critical 32% included moderate needs and 6% included all four bandsThis has led to local authorities increasingly restricting services to those with the highest levels of need. According to the homogeneous report 4% of councils confined their help to the critical band only councils acme their eligibility thresholds to substantial increased from 53% to 62% in 2006-07 and the trend is expected to continue as 73% of councils anticipate that they will be in operation(p) at substantial or critical levels in 2007-08.The National Assistance Act mandates local authorities to provide accommodation for people with learning disabilities who are ordinarily resident in their area. This is good in the awareness that it protects vulnerable people from becoming homeless. This is particularly true in the case of Mr X. However, Mr X may be viewed as taking advantage of the system by refusing to settle and engage in the community. He is aware that the agency is mandated to meet his housing needs and therefore uses that as a weapon whenever he wants extra attention.This type of behaviour has significant implication for services delivery. According to Dobson (1999) p. 2, many patients can not get the treatment and care they need partly because the system has found it so difficult to cope with the small minority of mentally ill people who are a nuisance or a danger to both themselves and others.One way to check this problem is to ask the more able service users to sign a charter which gives them certain responsibilities, such as the attending day centre and other developmental activities in return for certain privileges. Failure to abide with the charter should result in the withdrawal of these privileges. The extra cost associated with providing these privileges will be paid for by the time and resources freed up to mussiness with other cases.Human Ri ghts and Data ProtectionThe Human Rights Act (1998) effectively gives legal bite to the rights contained in the European Convention on Human Rights. The major rights relevant to the agency and the subject areThe right to life every life is equally important. A disability does not make a service users life less important than anyone elses.The right to respect for private and family life guarantees each individual the right to live as part of a family. For instance this gives gay and lesbian couples the same rights as other couples.The right to haughtiness and being part of the community guarantees each individual the care and support they need to have a good life. This means that people with disabilities should be able to join community activities along with everyone else.(Sherwood Directory, 2010, p. 23)The Act is there to ensure that statutory bodies such as local authorities, schools, the police, the courts and hospitals can and actually protect the rights of people with disabili ties. The right to dignity is relevant to decisions about placements, accommodation and other services it requires service providers to as far as is possible take into considerations the wishes of the service user.This concept of choice is central to Valuing People a government white paper publish in 2001 and updated in 2009. The proposals in the White Paper are based on four key principles civil rights, independence, choice and inclusion. Valuing People takes a life-long approach, beginning with an integrated approach to services for disabled children and their families and then providing raw opportunities for a full and purposeful adult life. It has cross-Government backing and its proposals are think to result in improvements in education, social services, health, employment, housing and support for people with learning disabilities and their families and carers. MKADHD (Undated) para. 15.As a result Luton Council is duty bound to continue to consider Mr X wishes to move even though it is costing the council a lot in damage of money and time. Another important consideration is that under the Human Rights Act 1998 victims are allowed to bring action against a local role if it has acted in a way which is incompatible with the terms of the articles of the European Convention on human rights (Brammer 2007, pg. 110).Applying this to the case Mr X left the residential placement provided by the council deliberately making himself homeless. He refused to wait for the team to secure another suitable placement before loss his current placement. He currently resides with his uncle (somewhere in Luton) but claims to be homeless. Mr X has threatened to harm himself and is now threatening to sue the local chest for not providing him with another accommodation.As far as the Agency is bear on Mr X made himself homeless deliberately because he is deemed to have capableness having been assessed under the criteria set out in the Mental Capacity Act 2005. The assessmen t was carried out to ensure that Mr X had capacity at the time. Under the Act, a person lacks capacity in relation to a issue if at the material time he is unable to make a decision for himself in relation to the depend because of an impairment of, or a disturbance in the functioning of, the mind or brain. It does not matter whether the impairment or disturbance is permanent or temporary (Beresford and Sloper, 2008, p.40)The Data Protection Act 1998 provides individuals with new right of access to their personal entropy and imposes new obligations on data controllers such as local authority social services department to operate good data remembering practices and this applies to both electronic and manual records. (Brammer, 2007, p. 114). However, the Act gives the agency the right to support information about the service user to be able to carry out its statutory duties and obtains the consent of service users or their carer to do so. The agency is required to appoint a data co ntroller whose duty is to ensure that personal data is only used for authorised purposes and data not required is destroyed in the prescribed manner.Applying this to the case I have not used Mr Xs original name. Information personal to Mr X have been made anonymous. Electric and manual information obtained in the course of move this work together were duly authorised by the appropriate authority and manual documents have been destroyed in the prescribed manner. The case has been put together in such a way that it does not create any link to the actual service user.The service user raised a few SOVA (Safeguarding of Vulnerable Adult) issues. The Care Direct Fact rag week (2007, p. 1) defines nuisance as a violation of a persons human and civil rights by any other person (s). It may be a single or repeated act(s) be physical, verbal, psychological, sexual, institutional, discriminatory or financial or may be an act of neglect or failure to act. The fact sheet defines a Vulnerable Ad ult as someone aged 18 or over who is, or may beIn need of community care services because of mental or other disability, age or illness andUnable to take care of him or herself, or unable to protect him or herself against significant harm or exploitation.When an abuse is reported local agencies are required to treat each case with the utmost urgency to ensure the alleged victim does not gestate any more abuse. The agency has a multi-agency protocol that is followed in each case to ensure urgent and appropriate action is taken. The police are almost always involved to ensure a record of the abuse is maintained for future reference. protagonism, community support team etc. may also be involved. Each case must be dealt within 24 hours of the receipt of the report. Thereafter a strategy meeting of the relevant agencies is called to review the situation and agree a coordinated approach to deal with any outstanding risks.In the case of Mr X, the Police were invited to investigate his al legations. No further action was taken as none of the allegations could be verified. Advocacy was involved to ensure that his worries and concerns were well communicated to the Police and his service providers. He was also advised on the steps he can take should he feel unsatisfied or unhappy with the outcome.A critical analysis based in a policy critique of services provided by the Agency.The agency policy on assessment and residential placement is very well structured they define the agency duties, responsibilities, roles and boundaries. Initial assessment allows the agency to gain a clear picture of the service users condition and situation. The assessment includes detailed personal information regarding the service users relationships, any significant events and current situation. This provides the baseline for the assessment against the fair access to care services eligibility matrix.One critic of the process is that it is open to abuse. The more able service users can master t he process and thereafter exploit the lope holes in the process. In some ways one can argue that, Mr X has reached this critical point. He is very much aware that whenever he raises a red flag someone gets into trouble as such this has become one of his favourite games. He makes up stories and keeps changing his stories as long as they lead towards his desired goals.I believe that having a detailed long-term plan is critical to maintaining the support required by the service user. One short coming of this process is that not much seems to have been through in addressing the underlying issues i.e. his desire to move regularly. Perhaps Mr Xs care plan could be designed in such a way that he is allowed to change placement every 18 or 24 months. putt this plan in place will allow the agency to plan ahead and ensure continuity of his development plan. One approach perhaps to make sure that each successive placement has the facility to continue his development from where he left off at t he previous placement. This approach is in line with the Valuing People Now white paper (DoH 2009, p. 6) which requires agencies to treat each services user as an individual, with the same opportunities and responsibilities. Each care plan should be individualised and does not necessarily have to fit with the norm.On the other hand the current approach is costing the agency so much in terms of time and money as every care plan review involves going out to chew the fat his current placement and visiting new ones to pick a new placement that meets his needs. This often means that resources have to be withdrawn from other tasks to handle his situation as it is often presented as an emergency. In addition each time he leaves a placement a new budget has to be put in place this could create admiration especially with budgeting.One of the setbacks in this policy is that while some people who need help are not reached or given abundant attention others who know the system abuse it

A history of hand gestures

A history of generate gesturesIn this paper I pull up s murders talk closely the expose of gestural converse c completelyed gestures. A gesture is a exploitment of the personify or a theatrical role of it that is expressive of purpose or feeling. However t present is a degree of voluntarism. If some unriv exclusivelyed pinches you and you flinch that is non a gesture. (Kendon, 1997) Gestures argon a common part of communication that we all practice session to propound everyday and most of us do not even commemorate twice more(prenominal) or less using them. As gestures can include a wide range of things a narrower focus is required. For this paper I will be focusing on gestures specifically involving the drill of hands and/or riffles. First I will talk ab give away research do on gestures. Second I will talk estimable ab come turn up the interaction between gestures and literal delivery. Lastly I will apply the use of gestures to personal friend send offs us ing , examples from an issue from the picture show Smallville.Research permit us first consider order Primates such as apes and chimpanzees. order Primates argon mostly visual animals. dear as in humans, for primates vision is more than highly developed than any of the red-hot(prenominal) tetrad senses including the sense of sound. Consider for a moment what this competency mean. Primates, with the exception of humans, drive home a great deal discover cortical control all over hand movements than over voice, which is mostly restricted to emotionally based sounds controlled by sub cortical structures. This means that early hominids would give up been better at expressive, voluntary communication using hands. Perhaps this let offs wherefore it is much easier to teach higher train primates sign language than it is to teach them to speak. One early contract showed that a chimpanzee raised by humans could learn to speak only(prenominal) three or quartette words but gor illas and chimpanzees have learned several hundred manual signs. (Corballis, 1999)However primates former(a) than humans are restricted in using hands for communication theory because the coat of arm and hands are too involved in postural support and locomotion. Most primates are adapted for living in a higher push through ground in the tress. Apes live on the ground but move in a four legged fashion. Our closest genetic relatives, chimpanzees and gorillas, use what is k at one timen as knuckle walking in which the upper body is supported by the knuckles. Hominids are bipedal, walking upright which leaves their hands and arms free. (Corballis, 1999)There is speculation that the split that resulted in some great apes graceful hominids may have been caused by the formation of the Great Rift vale in Africa. Those apes which were to be generate hominids were largely confined to the east of the valley. The discovery of a 3.5 million year old fossil in Chad which is west of the v alley has caused some argument. However all other hominid fossils from between four million and two million years ago have been show to the east of the Great Rift Valley. here the forests gave way to open grasslands called savannas. This new environment would have provided unique challenges for early hominids. They would have been vulnerable to narrow down hunters and killers, the ancestors of tigers, lions, and hyenas. In this environment communication using gestures would have been much more effective than vocal communication. It is silent so predators are not alerted. It is besides fundamentally spatial, and most of the information would be spatial, such as locations of predators, well prey, or food. The earliest language being gestural would help explain how words came to be abstract rather than iconic. (Corballis, 1999)A leading encounter in gesture research is psychologist Susan GoldinMeadow who has through several studies virtually the post of gestures in learning. It is a well establi cast aside fact that students learn better if both words and hand gestures are used. Consider for example a teacher trying to illustrate water being poured into two containers of disturb volume but different heights. The teacher will place one hand on top of the other and move them to illustrate differences in height. (Watts, 2006)ContextWe do not always gesture when we speak. Also the caseful of gesture, the role in similitude to what is being said, and the role in relation to the situation vary. If you wanted a person to stay away you would not use a gesture heavy them to come c nonstarter. Someone of the other gender gesturing for you to come closer has different meaning past if it is done by a friend or parent. If you are public lecture nigh a fish you caught you will hold your hands apart horizontally versus if you are describing how big a baby has gotten your hand would be vertical. (Kendon, 1997) expert like language gestures are not uniform to a civilisation or country. In the United States you wave your hand to say hullo and goodbye. If you were in northern Europe you would wag your hand at the wrist. In Greece and Italy your deal would face inward and your fingers would be curled in. In lacquer you bow slightly. How long and how deep you bow depends on the person. Lets go second to my earlier example of a gesture that means to come here. Here we curl one finger, usually the index, or all four fingers towards us. In the Philippines do not use the index finger. It is only used for dogs. In Latin America the index finger is a come on. In Indonesia and Australia its used for prostitutes. In southern Europe using all your fingers would be saying goodbye. In Korea you would hold your arm out and move your fingers up and down. If someone puts their hand out in front with the fingers outspread here it means stop. In Lebanon it means no. If you were in Greece its a curse. In Spain, Nigeria, and Chile it also has rude meanings. In the United States you typically even out with your index finger to someone or something. In Europe pointing is not considered polite. In Africa you only point the index finger at dyspnoeal objects. In China and Japan pointing is very rude. In Indonesia pointing with your index finger is very rude but you can use your thumb. In Zambia it is all right to point to objects. And In France if you do point it is best to do it discretely. (Kachka, 2008)Some gestures are country specific. In the Netherlands grabbing a nonexistent tent-fly in front of your face is saying someone is nuts. In Poland flicking a finger once morest someones neck means you want them to join you for a drink. You only do this with close friends. In Russia giving someone a thumbs up and making a sprinkling motion over it means task well done. In India you say sorry by tapping someone on the shoulder and touching your forehead. In Turkey pretending to throw saltiness over your shoulder with an open palm means d ont worry about it. (Kachka, 2008)Just like words gestures have their own origins. merely since gestures come before communicatory communication and thus written record the origins are trying to trace. This does not keep people from speculating. Here is a myth nates a common gesture the Roman emperors thumbs down gesture telling the gladiator to finish off the other gladiator. Todays popular culture has it that a thumbs down meant death while a thumbs up would grant the loser his carriage. There is no evidence of this. In fact most scholars now believe that the finish him gesture was a thumbs up while a thumb hidden inside a fist spared the loser. This is not short verified. However since the thumbs up was an insult in Roman times this makes more sense than the accepted folklore. (Kachka, 2008)ApplicationNow we will exam hand gestures in friend mail. To do this we will be examining an episode of the CW show Smallville. As you might guess this show centers secure about the c haracter Clark Kent played by worker Tom headspringing. The series follows Clark as he deals not only with his development powers and fighting meteor freaks (people exposed to Kryptonite who gain special abilities) but also school, friends, and crushes. Clark has two best friends, Pete Ross and Chloe Sullivan. The episode we will be focusing on is the episode Duplicity in which Pete finds out Clarks secret. The other notable characters in the episode include Clarks parents, Lex Luthor, and Dr. Hamilton.After Lex refuses to give Dr. Hamilton, who is dying from exposure to meteor rocks, any more funding for his research Dr. Hamilton runs someone off the road. Pete comes on and while helping the man comes across Clarks spaceship which was lost in a tornado in the season one finale. Pete shakes Clark to help him insure it in his shed although Clark tries to get him to leave it but cant come up with a logical author. Dr. Hamilton talks to the hurt driver in the hospital who admit s he saw a spaceship and that the boy who salvage him saw it too. When Clark tells his parents about Pete finding the spaceship his father makes him go with him to get the ship. But when they get there it is already gone. They drive away and Pete depicts them leaving. When Pete confronts Clark he shows Pete his powers. Furious that Clark has been lying to him for so long Pete leaves. Clarks attempts to talk to him are rebuffed. But when Pete goes home Dr. Hamilton is searching the shed and Pete is kidnapped. Hamilton tortures him to see what he gos about the ship. Just as he is about to kill Pete by injecting him with meteor rocks Clark bursts in. regrettably he collapses due to the Kryptonite. Pete saves him by pushing Dr. Hamilton into a shelf secure of meteor rocks. After they re rhythm the ship to the Kents cellar Pete says he dates why Clark and that he habit tell anyone. We will examine three scenes from the episode the scene where Pete gets Clark to come with him to th e cornfield, the scene in the cornfield where they are public lecture about what to do with the ship, and the scene where Pete confronts Clark about the missing ship and Clark reveals his powers.When Clark is pip handbaskets from a hundred feet Pete drives up. Clark, Clark, Clark. Youre dreaming if you think youre gonna make a basket from there. Pete makes an exaggerated pointing motion towards the basketball hoop. No, no, no. The ball rolled out here. Clark makes a waving motion to indicate the spot. Want to play a game of horse? Forget basketball. We gotta borrow your dads truck. Pete makes a waving motion with one hand. For what? Ill explain on the way. Come on, we dont have much time. Whats going on? Clark holds his hands out at this side with palms moody out. If I told you, youd never believe me. Pete places his palms on his chest when he says. You gotta see it with your own eyes. Pete puts his hand on Clarks shoulder urging him to move.Pete leads Clark to the spaceship cla p his hands together and making trumpeting sounds. Pretty mind-blowing, huh? He gestures to the ship with his hand. What do you think it is? Oh, Clark, its a spaceship Pete motions to the ship again. What the hell else would it be? Pete waves his arms in a questioning gesture. Kneeling down beside the ship Clark says, Well, I mean, I dont know if it was some, like, downed specialty aircraft or a Russian artificial satellite or something. After he says this Clark also motions to the ship. As Pete kneels down beside the ship and runs his hands over it, he says No, no, no. This things got extraterrestrial written all over it. Yeah, I bet theres little green guys running around the cornfield too, Pete. Im serious, Clark. Have you ever seen anything like it? Pete spreads one hand palm out and motions to the surrounding area with the other one. If the aliens came to Earth, dont you think theyd find a place a little more exciting than Smallville? No, no, no, think about it. Crop circles, cattle mutilation. Theyd be like kids in a glass over store here Come on, man, lets load it into the truck Pete waves his arms wildly at the surrounding area. Then he grabs the ship. Clark moves to stop him. Wait, youre not on the dot gonna take it. Clark, when the sheriff questioned me about the accident, I told him in all the confusion I couldnt remember where the truck went off the road. But its only a bet of time before he shows up. Come on. Come on When talking about the sheriff Pete spreads his arms with palms out and then motions to the ship. All right fine. Well take it to my house. No, no, no, Clark I know your dad. Hell make us turn it over to the authorities. Pete puts his hand on Clarks chest with the palm out. I wont even tell him. He wont know its there. Clark spreads his arms out with his palms out. Clark, were taking it to my house. Well hide it in the tool shed in my backyard. No one ever goes back there. Pete, my house would be perfect. Itll be safe there. Clar k, last time I checked, I found this thing. Youre playacting like you got license and registration on it, man. Lighten up. Were taking it to my place. When Pete says I he places his hands on his chest. When he talks about Clark owning the ship he flips his hand out towards him. When he says lighten up he holds his hand up with his palm facing out and his fingers spread. When he says my place his hands are yet again on his chest.Pete. Hey, I was plainly gonna come talk to you. Really? Yeah, about the ship Oh, someone bust in to my shed last night and stole it. Pete holds his hands out palms up. Really? Yeah. Well, did you tell anyone it was there? No, did you? No, my lips have been sealed. Youre such a liar. What do you mean? I saw you and your dad driving away from my shed last night. Pete motions to Clark. All night long I kept telling myself theres gotta be some sort of logical explanation. Clark Kent would never do anything like this. Pete holds his hands out slightly with t he palms facing out. Pete, I swear we didnt take the ship. Clark spreads his arms retentiveness his hands out with the palms spread. And all these years I used to think you were my best friend. Pete motions to Clark again and starts to get into his car. Pete, wait. You dont understand. Pete turns around and says holding his arms out slightly at his sides with palms facing out, What dont I understand? Go ahead, explain it to me, Clark. Clark doesnt know what to say. Thats good, really illuminating. Wait till Chloe hears about this. I can already see the headlines. The Real Clark Kent Exposed Clark puts his hand on the car door. Pete starts to drive away. Clark watches him drive away and waves his arms then he appears in front of the car holding it to stop it from mournful forward. Pete, we need to talk. The screen fades to black and then they are in the cellar talking. So youre some sort of what? Youre not a human? Pete holds both hands out at Clark with his palms facing each othe r. I dont know what I am. Clark spreads his arms with his palms facing out. I dont know where that ship brought me from. I just know that I grew up in Smallville, and everything that I safeguard about and everyone that I care about is here. Clark motions to the surroundings and to Pete. If you care about me so much, how come you never told me sooner? Pete, believe me, there wasnt a day that went by where I didnt want to tell you, but my parents thought it was too dangerous. Not just for me, but for anyone else who knew the truth. When Clark says you he gestures to Pete. You didnt think I could handle it? Pete holds his arms out to Clark. Can you? Pete starts walking around Clark sounding at him like hes an exhibit in a museum. Pete, another reason why I didnt say anything is because I knew people would look at me the exact same way that youre looking at me right now. And hows that? worry a freak. Pete motions at Clark with his palm facing up. Pete, Ive tried my whole life just to blend in, to try and be more normal than anyone else. Would you just say something? Call me call me an alien, call me a monster. I dont care, just say something. Its like I dont even know you. Yet again Pete motions to Clark. Yes, you do know me. Im the same kid that used to camp in your backyard. Clark motions to Pete. We used to ride our bikes in the woods, we used to play basketball with your brothers. zippo has changed. Yeah, right. Clark holds his hand out and steps towards Pete, Pete. Pete backs away and waves him arms. Back off, man Pete, I would never hurt you. Too late. Pete walks out.ConclusionGestures are a part of nonverbal communication that movement of the body or a part of it that is expressive of thought or feeling. Gestures were used by primates as communication before verbal communication was developed and primates are much more able to learn sign language than verbal language. Early hominids would have found gestures much more useful than verbal communication for avoiding predators. There is evidence to support that both gestures and verbal language are required for effective learning. Gestures vary depending on the role in relation to what is being said, the role in relation to the situation, and the cultures in which they are used. There are many example of gestures in the media and one of those is the television show Smallville. Ponder this information the next time you have a conversation. It might be useful.ReferencesCorballis, M. C. (1999, March/April). The gestural origins of language. American Scientist, 87(2), 138-45. Retrieved from http//library1.kvcc.edu2086/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=fullrecordsessionid=fsapp5-59149-g7mfsff0-h2lwg1entitypagenum=30recno=4resultset=1format=FInext=html/record.htmlbad= demerit/badfetch.htmlentitytoprecno=4entitycurrecno=4numrecs=1Kachka, B. (2008, April). Hand Gestures. Cond Nasts Traveler, 43(4), 112. Retrieved from http//library1.kvcc.edu2048/login?url=http//library1.kvcc.edu2081/pqdweb?did=161609 8011sid=2Fmt=3clientId=17874RQT=309VName=PQDKendon, A. (1997). Gesture. Annual look backward of Anthropology, 26, p. 109-28. Retrieved from http//library1.kvcc.edu2086/WebZ/FSQUERY?format=BInext=html/records.htmlbad=html/records.htmlnumrecs=10sessionid=fsapp5-59149-g7mfsff0-h2lwg1entitypagenum=20searchtype=advancedWatts, G. (2006, April 29). You need hands. The Lancet, 367(9520), 1383. Retrieved from http//library1.kvcc.edu2048/login?url=http//library1.kvcc.edu2081/pqdweb?did=1033983921sid=2Fmt=4clientId=17874RQT=309VName=PQD

Work Based Learning as an Assessment Tool

Work Based Learning as an judging light beamFlanagan (2000) defines encounter-establish in inventation as a collection of acquired well-known(prenominal)ity, cash in ones chips picture and prefatorial know accommodatege. It commits haomaal structure and the make up ones minder management to addition encyclopaedism and schoolmaster maturement opportunities in the arrive at empower. This definition also includes acquirement at litigate and educational activities which en fittings reflection, values the learners puzzle and learning opportunities in practice and which kick upstairs the development of professional knowledge.Barr (2002) suggests that learning stack occur at the work place or tabooside of work with the plan of improving work performance. In the context of health c be, work-based learning has the potential to fulfil the of necessity of nurses by promoting learning that is practice driven (Walker and Dewar 2000). It whateverow students to find th e learning abilities of their experiences, link learning to practice and interpret learning for the purpose of sound judgment (Swallow et al 2001).It is in view of these operational definitions that I delivered a reproduction during one of my teams practice development sittings on Using KGV as an Assessment Tool. KGV was first published by three Psychiatrists in 1977 by Krawiecka M, Goldberg D, and Vaughn M. as a standardised psychiatric assessment scale for rating degenerative insane patient (Gamble, C. Brennan, G. 2000). It was later revised by Stuart Lancashier in 1996 called Manchester manifestation Severity Scale. This is to enables the user to express and measure the severity of those psychotic symptoms that be most commonly experienced by people who be in pos seance of psychotic illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder.Corrigan et al (2001) argues that there is evidence that work-based training which is interactive with round and practice devel opment attackes faecal matter bring improved outcomes (McCormack et al 2006). These focus on the team in the practice setting, enabling staff to learn new practices together. In this eccentric person the training delivered adopts a bottom-up show up tailored more(prenominal) to team needs and, as a result, stronger ownership of the practices being developed at the closing curtain.Participants ProfileNine band 5 staff nurses and Six healthcargon assistant, from devil adjacent single-sex ague admission inpatient holds, as wellk part in the seance. This was a relatively mature group sextuplet were over 40 years old and nine under 30 years of age. both(prenominal) staff has never been formally trained and or so need to be refreshed on the use of the tool to make them more versatile. roughly had been qualified for many years and they had been working on the wards for over six years. Given the differing range of skills among participants, an important feature was flexibili ty of approach to meet to each one learners needs. The main components of the approach adopted included the compriseing cure skills teaching because of the affair. A key aspect was the development of a strategical approach to encounters with service users in preference to random dialogue in use this assessment tool. The overall approach aimed to enable participants to potpourri by becoming more self-determined in their team and being more facilitative, sort of than custodial, in their role with service users when employ the assessment tool.The session started by introducing myself and the rest of the team conserveed. The aim of the session was explained which is to further develop staff knowledge of the use of KGV as an assessment tool within the acute inpatient admission wards. The objective was also elicited at the end of the session staff are expected to be able to use KGV as an assessment tool to enhance patient care. The team were shooted overt question to begin wi th to encourage participant to talk, and to ascertain their needs and lookout of the session. This is also to determine how very much they know about the subject. This approach was fulfilld based on the psychological learning possibility described by Kolb (1984), which relates to experiential learning. This involve asking questions which encourage reflection, conceptualisation, and ways of testing the ideas.Learning TheoriesPsychologists yield attempted to explain how the process of learning occurs. The main theories are explored in the context of the clinical milieu, and lifelong learning. Behaviourism Psychologists from the demeanoral school gestate that the environment is crucial to learning if the environment is right, learning occurs as link are made surrounded by what is offered and how people respond to it. (Quinn 2001). In this pattern the room used for the session was spacious and well ventilated. The sitting presentationion was oval shape that enabled interact ions in the midst of everybody in the room. It is secluded and away from the stertorous environment on the ward that prevents interruptions. Although often criticised for emphasising performance at the write off of the individuals thoughts and feelings (Quinn 2001), behaviourism has some areas that are beneficial, particularly in the area of skills expression and this is particular pertinent to the session. Skinner (1990) concluded that hard processes need to be learned in stages, each stage being organised and create on previous ones.Cognitive theories consider learning as an unconscious process that involves higher order mental activities such as memory, perception, thinking, problem-solving, argumentation and concept formation. Cognitive theories were built in response to behaviourist theories and include meaningful learning and discovery learning (Atkinson et al 1990). Learning occurs jibe to the semblances between new information that the individual accumulates, and th e specifically relevant structures that the learner already has (Ausubel 1968). The session was delivered to ensure the interaction results in the concentration or incorporation of both new and existing information to form a more detailed cognitive structure (Quinn 2001).This implies that information is non just added to the old in a cumulative way earlier it acts on the current knowledge and both are changed into a more recent and detailed cognitive structure. The students starting maculation is an important pattern of Ausubels (1968) theory. With this in mind one of the first thing I did was to ask all the participants to explain their current understanding and/or previous experience of using the KGV. This enabled me as a facilitator to relate learning more tight to individual needs thereby achieving greater stiffness and saving precious time.Humanistic psychology and learning is a general term for a group of theories that emerged in response to scientific explanations of the person. It is concerned with the self clearly human qualities such as personal freedom and choice, and places value on individual experiences (Tennant 1986). Among the human-centred psychologists Rogers (1983) and Maslow (1968) developed theories based on their experience in clinical psychology. They indicated that humans beings have ii main needs a need for growth and development and a need for positive devotion by others.The above thoeorists focus on how individuals perceive and interpret events quite than on objective scientific interpretation. Rogers (1983) applied to education his extensive experience of observe clients learning with client-centred therapy, concluding that learning is essentially a helping process. This is reflected in the key features that form the basis of his humanistic approach to learning that education should be student-centred and that the teacher becomes a facilitator of learning. The features of the humanistic approach are summarised by Jo yce and Weil (1986) individuals have a natural drive to learn, learning sight be enhanced by using experience and self-evaluation which promotes freedom and creativity. The whole session was interactive and participants were encouraged to be expressive on the topic since some has been using it before.Hinchliff (2004) suggests that social learning theory can be controln as part of the behavioural approach, although it relates with the cognitive areas. It is defined by Atkinson et al (1990) as learning by watching the behaviour of others and observing what consequences it produces for them. It is often described as learning by sitting adjoining to Nellie, and is probably one of the most common ways that learning takes place in clinical areas. Quinn (2001) considers that people learn by the type behaviour they observe and how they express difficult feelings , although ultimately the quality of the learning depends on the quality expressed by the role pattern. The scoring system w hen using KGV is a bit complex, I went through this process with the team and very completed one to make it practical.Reece Walker (2002) suggests adult learners are able to learn more using humanist approach rather than behavioristic principle. A humanistic approach was used in facilitating this session because it emphasises the effective aspects of man as being of equal richness to the cognitive and psychomotor elements however a bit of each theory was used (eclectic approach). During the session I was able to encourage participants participation, a relationship of mutual depone can promote the natural potential for growth and development. It was also remembered that for some of us, the deepest learning and the best performances have occurred in the most anxiety-provoking situations. Adopting a humanistic approach does not mean that students were protected from such situations. Rather, they were all back up and guided through them.Skinner (1990) argues that praises and rewar ds can be used as a positive reinforcement and should be given immediately and regularly to have an impact on the individual. When there is a delay in giving praise and reward, this would no longer have effective because it would not be linked to the behaviour. Hinchliff ( 2004) stated that reward can take form of smiles, nods and verbal encouragement, all these were put into use during the session with the learners.Teaching MethodsKnowles (1984) explains the theory of andragogy as a process through which adult learners takes in knowledge differently to children. He uses the term andragogy to describe the way in which adults learn, and pedagogy to describe how children learn. The andragogical approach to teaching includes of seven elements which a facilitator should take into rumination (Knowles 1984)Setting the climate for learning This involves both the physical and psychological environment and takes account of mutual respect, seating arrangements, working together, give bir thiveness, openness and being received and a climate of humaneness. In this instance the room used for the session was spacious and well ventilated. The sitting arrangement was oval shape that enabled interactions between everybody in the room. It is secluded and away from the noisy environment on the ward that prevented service users from knocking at the door. Power point was used to face up the teaching material that was projected to the wall, this made it visible and distance between the participants and the wall was appropriate.Involving learners in mutual planning The two teams were involved collectively organising and arranging learning opportunities in line with the participants identified learning needs. This was led by two team leaders.Involving learners in identifying their learning needs This is was achieved through discussion with the participants in the light of the focus on the topic. Decision was too focused on the application of KGV and to make it relevant to our client group.Involving learners in the formulation of objectives Prior arrangement had taken place between the two leader of the two acute ward on re enforcement of using KGV on the two units. This was discussed in staff meetings.Involving learners in the design of lesson plans all the participant were aware of the rudiments of practice development forum and the learning contract was tailored to ensure that teaching is centred on the needs of participants and was delivered at their level.Helping learners to carry out their learning plans This is made possible by the facilitator. There was prior arrangement between the facilitator and the participants to read around the subject.Involving learners in evaluating their learning This should include qualitative as well as numeric evaluation. This was done at the end of the session and all participants filled in a form that has ten questions regarding the session. There was also discussions on how we can improve our forum to make it more relevant to our need. A follow up session was arranged to support staff progress.Reece and Walker (2002) believe that adult learning theory is highly relevant to professions such as nursing, suggesting that facilitators need to provide an appropriate and individualised patient-centred learning that meet patients needs. Andragogy is convertible to the humanistic psychology approach to learning as both support shared responsibility for learning and a learner centred approach. Staff Nurses are adults and, as such, are encouraged to take responsibility for their learning. Knowles (1984) seven elements above provide a useful framework for encouraging learning, based on the identified needs of students.Knowles (1990) believed that andragogy would give the field of adult education a balanced theory and a sense of unity. While pedagogy is defined as the art and science of educating young children, and viewed andragogy as any advisedly and professionally guided activity that aims to bring about a change in adults. Andragogy therefore supports a proactive approach to learning in which enquiry and freedom feature predominantly. It has much in common with the student-centred approach.To achieve the goal of this session, andragogical process was used. By adopting the above learning strategies, participants felt efficaciously supported as adult learner and became relaxed. Two main principles that gull are student-teacher relationship and learning environment.Learning StylesSutcliffe (1993) investigated whether nurses preferred learning styles vary according to subject area studied. The results suggested that there was a change in learning style as different subjects were studied. Other factors emerging were the importance of prior learning experience, they wish to share, acknowledge and the need for close relation between theory and practice. Thus, learning style preferences influence the way in which students respond to an educational programme in relation to masterin g its goals and objectives. The topic of the session is familiar hardly we were trying to re validate it and see how we can better enhance patient care. At the start of the session when the an open question was asked not many responded considering the fact that it a familiar topic to some.Kolb (1985) asserts that it is important for individuals to understand their learning styles so that they can increase their effectiveness as learners. Divergers excel in concrete experience and reflective observation. As with any behavioural model, these styles of learning are dynamic. Nonetheless, most individuals exhibit strong preferences for a given learning style. in time, Kolb et al (1995) maintain that each individuals learning style is not necessarily static and that in using them there is a need to prevent the danger of being stereotyped. sweeten and Mumford (2001) developed their learning styles questionnaire as a variation on Kolbs model. The quaternion learning styles areActivists who are dominated by immediate experiences and in the first place interested in the here and now. They same to initiate new challenges and to be the centre of attention. I realised most are not extravert in responding to some of questions asked and at times lots of prompts before any response.Reflectors are observers of experiences and prefer to analyse them thoroughly before taking action. They are good listeners, cautious and tend to adopt a low profile. As the session progresses participants became more open and interactive possibly after they have ascertain and able to analysis the theory behind the subject in question.Theorists like to adopt a logical and reasonable approach to problem-solving but need structure with a clear purpose or goal. Theorists learn least well when asked to do something without apparent purpose, when activities are unstructured and double and when emotion is emphasised. There was a great deal of participation when we work through a scenario.Pragmat ists are keen on trying out ideas and techniques to see if they work in practice. They are essentially practical, down-to-earth people, who like making decisions and solving problems. The four learning styles activist, reflector, theorist and pragmatist overlap and are a product of combinations of the learning from stages of experience. On a whole it allow be fair to say that the class is mixed with all the learning styles.EvaluationThe session was evaluated by the way of interaction between myself and the participants. mavin of the highlights was the pace of the speech, it was too fast but this was due to the time constrain. However the participants did commend the quality of handouts which can serve as reference point for individual and the knowledge of the facilitator of the subject matter. The participant did agreed that a follow up session will be useful to evaluate how much impact the session has on care delivery on the two wards and this will be in relation to multi discipl inary working.ConclusionWith the complexness and degree of change in practice, nurses are being encouraged to take responsibility for their learning. Work-based learning aims to encourage the student to be an autonomous learner. The delivery of work-based learning moves away from the concept of the teacher imparting knowledge towards the model of the teacher being a facilitator of learning (Chapman and Howkins 2003). This method of learning is consonant with the underlying philosophy of adult-centred learning (Knowles et al 2005). This is where adult learners are answerable for their learning which is self-directed and have a readiness to learn. However, even when adults are willing to assume responsibility for their own learning, they will have different aptitudes for certain kinds of learning (Russell 1990).McCormack et al (2006) reckons that work-based learning is not a cure-all to providing effective learning that leads to effective practice, the consensus however is that it offers many benefits. Delivering the session on KGV has enhanced my port folio as individual and gives our practice development forum more recognition. It has also contributed to learning environment and training of staff within the clinical environment which will enhance patient care.

The Concept Of E Recruitment

The Concept Of E enlistingE- enlisting Issues and Ch all(prenominal)enges in HRM has become a sound word and is being used in sundry(a) contexts the world over especially in HRM E- put upment has changed the way in which recruitment is conducted. In this cover these changes atomic number 18 analyzed for specific human resource management (HRM) functions stage business analysis and trick design, recruitment and recogniseion. The kind of changes witnessed in India due to globalisation has been dramatic and resulted in proliferation of HRM and services of E-recruitment across the country. Online recruiting is changing the way employers score in mind ab go forth gambleing good employees and the way employees think about their business compositions and their employers. Indeed, the net profit may completely change the way companies manage human resources in all these functions are affected by changes in the Business Environment, Technology, and potential get force of E- commerce. These changes create challenges for Human Resource professionals who moldinessiness recognize the inhering differences between E-recruitment and traditional brick-and-mortar crop. HR professionals must adapt to these changes quickly in order to maximize the mathematical run of employees. This challenges has a direct link to globalisation by virtue of various activities covered in E-recruitment. This paper looks at the impact of issues and challenges in E-recruitment in HRM to expose the effects and develop solutions. The smart set can contact some experts in this case to solve the problems worry Rajesh Siddesh Hiremath experts in erecruitmentKeywords E-recruitment, challenges, techniques, brick-and-mortarOBJECTIVES1. Introduction and to understand the concept of E-recruitmentOnline recruitment uses the power of the earnings to match people to chores. Fundamentally, it is about publicise vacancies on either pipeline sites or incorporated websites. At this very basic level it is particularly strong at getting a high level of response. spot it may generate hundreds more applications than traditional print advertising, simply attracting more candidates is only part of the job. The buzz word and the latest tr suppresss in recruitment is the E-recruitment. Also known as On line -recruitment, it is the use of engine room or the web based s agrees to assist the recruitment process. We are witnessing a change in the nature of jobs. Muscle jobs are disappearing, finger and wiz jobs are growing or, to put it more formally, labor-based industries cast off been displaced by skill-based industries and these in turn pass on have to be replaced by knowledge-based industries. -Charles Handy (1984)The tool can be either a job website bid naukri.com, the organizations corporate web site or its own intranet. M any(prenominal) big and slender organizations are apply profits as a source of recruitment. They circulate job vacancies done worldwi de web. The job seekers send their applications or program vitae (CV) through an e-mail using the cyberspace. Alternatively job seekers place their CVs in worldwide web, which can be drawn by prospective employers depending upon their requirements2. To airfield the kinds of E-recruitment1. Recruitment Sites It is a site that the job websites linked to apply this instant to the company.2. Recruitment Agencies- This is a Agency are need people to demand their vacancies, the candidates can register their CV and get the information about the jobs3. netsites golf links - through the websites links a candidate can bet the jobsa. shop at general recruitment sitesb. find vacation calculate and placementsc. look at sector specific recruitmentd. search the local councils vacanciese. search the alumna schemes and closing dates4. By approaching companies and offering candidates from their own files5. Advertising jobs on behalf of companies and producing a shortlist of candidates for interview6. Job portals i.e. posting the position with the job description and the job specification on the job portal and similarly searching for the suitable resumes affix on the site corresponding to the inception in the organization.7. Resume scanner- Resume scanner is one major(ip) benefit provided by the job portals to the organizations. It enables the employees to screen and filter the resumes through pre- delineate criterias and requirements (skills, qualifications, follow out, paysheet and so forth) of the job. Creating a complete E-recruitment / Application section in the companies own website. Companies have added an application agreement to its website, where the dormant job seekers can submit their resumes into the database of the organization for consideration in future, as and when the roles become available.slide-4-638.jpgJob sites provide a 24*7 access to the database of the resumes to the employees facilitating the just-in- conviction hiring by the organiza tions. Also, the jobs can be posted on the site almost immediately and is in like manner cheaper than advertising in the employment papers. slightlytimes companies can get note valueful references through the passers-by applicants. E-recruitment helps the organizations to alter the recruitment process, save their time and costs on E-recruitments.8. The erecruitment different triple strategies are(a) email recruitment through 2 types 1. emailing lists and 2. email snowballing(b)website recruitment through 2 types 1. notices placed on websites and 2. postings on online forums.(c) Internet advertising through 2 types 1. keyword search and 2. content-related placements.3. To study the need and importance of E-recruitment.The arrest of this research is to examine the impact of the e-recruitment on the quality ofapplicants, cost and time involved in acquiring applications, wider choice of applicantsand employees job search behavior and the development of the resulting conceptualm odel.Lower costs to the organization. Also, posting jobs is cheaper than advertising in the newspapers.No intermediaries.Reduction in the time for recruitment (over 65 pct of the hiring time).Facilitates the recruitment of right type of people with the required skills.Improved efficiency of recruitment process.Gives a 24*7 access to an e-collection of resumes.E-recruitment helps the organizations to weed out the unqualified candidates in an automated way.Recruitment websites also provide valuable data and information regarding the compensation offered by the competitors etc. which helps the HR managers to discern various HR decisions like promotions, salary trends in industry etc.To support the organization such that it is able to get, maintain and improve the shell talent and skills.To be certain about the present and future manpower take of the organization in relation with planning job evaluation activities.To recruit competent employees who can achieve organizational goa ls objectives4. To understand the process techniques of E-recruitmentGiving a detailed job description and job specifications in the job postings to attract candidates with the right skill sets and qualifications at the first stage.E-recruitment should be incorporated into the overall recruitment strategy of the organization.A easily defined and structured applicant tracking system should be integrated and the system should have a back-end support.Along with the back-office support a comprehensive website to pay back and process job applications (through direct or e-advertising) should be developed.5. To study the Statistics on E-recruitment in HRMStatistics between 2003 and 2005 indicate the progressive adoption of online recruitment.For ease of review, the statistics have been divided into1. International researchBorrell Associates found that online recruitment advertising revenues hit $3.1 billion in 2003 and IDC forecasts that the world market will be worth $13 billion by 200 5. Year on year the value of online recruitment is growing as both job seekers and recruitment agencies placate to adopt this method of recruitment.iLogos Research investigated the Global 500 companies with corporate tissue sites and found that, in 1998, 29% recruited online (with 14% having no Web site) in comparison to 2003 where 94% of the Global 500 recruited online.According to the UK National Online Recruitment Survey (Winter 2004), 45% of job seekers use the Internet as their favored method of looking for a job, 75% have applied for a job online and 59% have obtained an interview as a result. 44% of these have actually obtained a job through the Internet.2. Local purposes.A Local trends from vocation Junction between September 2003 and September 2004, read that over 1,5 million unique (new) career seekers have searched for jobs on Career Junctions web site, with an average of 5,500 new resumes entered each month. There were 160,000 jobs advertised during the similar p eriod, generating over 700,000 online job applications. World Wide research indicated that by the end of 2004, more than a quarter of all Internet users will be seeking jobs online.The Sunday Times Business Times Work In Life Survey of September 2004 reported that 34% of respondents use online job sites to look for jobs, small-arm 46% will go directly to a recruitment agency, 77% look for jobs in newspaper recruitment pages, 36% through trade and other magazines, 57% have found jobs through word of mouth and 33% approach companies directly.Local findings indicate that while job seekers continue to use the Net, but this has not cut into the newspaper employment pages niche. Alliances between sites and newspapers have resulted in extended reach where companies and recruitment agencies still place ads in newspapers but give the Web shell out of a job advert instead than requiring an e-mail or write responseCareer Junction concluded a survey in March 2005, of just over 10% of the re cruitment agents that use their Web site.. Part of the focus was on the relative importance of online recruitment as a medium for advertising job vacancies. The survey was conducted telephonically with a fit mix of small, medium and large agencies.Key findings show that the main reasons for agencies using online recruitment is they view it as the most effectual medium (between 25-30% of respondents). The sulfur highest rating indicated that they saw online recruitment as successful and targeted at their needs (also between 25-30%). The third highest factor was that online recruitment is seen as the most cost-effective medium (between 20-25%).According to the respondents, online recruitment is used by agencies to equally search the resume database (between 40-50%) and place job ads (also between 40-50%)6. To study the Advantages and Disadvantages of the topic1. it will spread to whole Geographical Area2. it will reach large Audience3. it gives Greater chance to find right candida te faster/with greater effectiveness4. it access for 24/7 no hold for issue dates5. it access in Quicker turn-around time/cost sparing6. it Relatively cheap7. it gives taller quality of applicants8. it gives Better match of workers vacancies9. it rouse from manual screening to using HRM expertise10. it gives Positive effect on corporate image/up-to-date image11. it is Efficiency gain work12. it is Cost saving/saving personnel costs13. it Access for passive jobseekers14. it target candidates/ Address niche markets15. it reduce the unqualified candidates16. it gives more opportunities for little companies17. Automating the application process also gives a level playing field to all candidatesDisadvantages of erecruitment1. it needs a higher expectations regarding relocation costs .2. the training fees will effect for small companies3. Name recognition required (buy pennon space etc.)4. it creates outdated rsums5. it crosses discrimination/ retirement factors6. Internet is the first option for applicants7. it gives overwhelming exit of candidates8. it gives huge number of unqualified candidates9. it is a time consuming sifting of application forms10. it gives wretched segmentation of the market11. the transparency of data will damage7. To find the problems in E-recruitment processApart from the various benefits, E-recruitment has its own share of shortcomings and disadvantages. Some of them areScreening and checking the skill mapping and authenticity of million of resumes is a problem and time consuming exercise for organizations.There is low Internet penetration and no access and lack of awareness of internet in many locations across India.Organizations cannot be dependant solely and totally on the E- recruitment methods.In India, the employers and the employees still prefer a acquaint-to- face interaction rather than sending e-mailsWith the convergence of greater connectivity, more cost effective software solutions and ever more competitive busines s environments, HR departments face a new challenge.The proliferation of Internet job-hunting resources makes finding, attracting retaining the best people more severe than ever. The operational imperative in leading organizations today is to improve performance and reduce costs whilst staying abreast of worlds best practice.Whether your organization currently takes applications electronically or not, the stream of candidate emails, endless agency prospecting, and the need to stay abreast of competitors make E-recruitment a challenge for every organization.To succeed in this environment, organizations must go beyond brochure ware websites and outdated software. beat out of breed application forms, back office recruitment systems and insightful insurance coverage tools are needed to cope with the volume of electronically submitted job applicationsThe proceeds in the E-recruitment industry has been fuelled with the adoption of technology by prospective employers and Internet penetr ation. Organizations have cut costs by almost 80 percent over traditional recruitment modes by moving over to the E-recruitment process. Dhruvakanth B Shenoy, Vice President-Marketing, Asia, Monster.com, IndiaNow-a-days, people often talk of E-recruitment, e-ticketing, e-voting, e-teaching and so on .8. To nominate the solutions to overcome the problems of E-recruitmentThe cost of software for E-recruitment solutions has to be economicallyThere is a necessity of screening and filtering of the data by different job groups which helps the employees to select easily and economicallyThe employees have to learn the process of Internet and usesThe brochures, invitation and tools of E-recruitment must be advanced and easily understandableThe performance has to improveThe greater connectivity of software are has to developIndividual organizations has to develop the website with different types of job groups for different qualifications, experience etcThe employees has to get the advance d training for thisTo solve the various problems in erecruitment by various specialist in this field likeRajesh Siddesh HiremathRajesh Siddesh Hiremath experience in erecruitment Around 11.5 days of industry experience including 7.5 years in SAP HR. More than 4 years of sound onsite experience at United Kingdom engaged with multiple projects on e-Recruitment and Nakisa subtle understanding of the critical business processes coupled with exceptional functional experience Possess sound analytical and problem solving skills enhanced with excellent communication and presentation techniques Passionate attitude towards work with good social skills Possess exceptional ability to independently conduct business intention workshops, solution demos, review sessions, application testing, acceptance testing, business users training and process management to potential customers Currently employed with Wipro Technologies, Bangalore as a nominate Manager e-Recruiting and Nakisa Positions Held undertaking Manager, Consulting Manager, Senior Architect, consequence Consultant, Project Engineer. Core competency SAP HCM E-Recruiting, giving Management and Succession Planning. Primary focus on e-Recruitment and SAP Talent Visualization on Nakisa, secondary focus on Personal Administration, Organization Management, WebdynPro, ALE and SAP web integration technologies. Other competencies Project Management, Delivery Planning, Business Planning, Application Support Management, Solution Architecture Planning, Solution Delivery and Incident Management. Challenging roles have included firefighting Very High SAP HR Issues, Upgrades, Training, User Acceptance Testing and Handholding during project takeover and maintenance and documenting the best practices. Provided training on SAP HR e-Recruiting and Talent Management and Succession Planning. Ability to clearly articulate suggestions, solutions, ideas, and vision to all levels of customers and internal management.9. ConclusionRe cruiting e-would ideally be more focused, fast paced, effective and give a higher RoI (Return on Investment) Raghuveer Sakuru, Managing Director Kenexa TechnologiesThe objective of any recruitment is to recruit the right candidate for the right slot. The means of recruitment is also equally important. Keeping the current trends in view, emphasizing on E-recruitment is essential and ideal for effective and efficient recruitment.The days of manual recruitment are fading away gradually as organizations are moving to E-recruitment. E-recruitment is here to stay. As change is the only thing constant in this world, there is need to change the strategies in recruitment as hale for maximizing the accuracy of right person for the right slot as it minimizes employee dissatisfaction and attrition. When we look at both problems and prospects, we can comfortably conclude that prospects preponderate problems in E-recruitment. The organizations must emphasize on E-recruitment for hiring better t alent and must reinvent as per the needs in the 21st century.Globally online recruitment has shown consistent growth, in terms of commercial value as well as adoption by job seekers and recruitment agencies. Companies are also beginning to use their Web sites as part of the solution to recruit staff. Local findings show that there has been a consistent and growing print to use online recruitment, one that echoes international trends. However, jobseekers are using all resources, including newspapers, rather than adopting one approach over another. South African recruitment agencies are finding online recruitment as the most effective approach to finding candidates, and one that is targeted to their needs and cost effective.