Police Chief William Bratton and his Transformational police Research Paper

Police nous William Bratton and his Transformational police leadership style - Research Paper Examplejob following supposed personal difference with Giuliani and later in 2002 he worked as a private consultant with Kroll associates also cognize as LAPDs. In 2007, the Los Angeles commissioner allotted him to a second five-year term (Bratton, 2011).Bratton rose speedily all the substance through the ranks of the Boston police department, where he cleaned up the citys subways and pioneered community policing. He wacky down on slight offenses when he became New Yorks transit police, like turnstile jumping on the assumption that the people who commit severe shame subversive also commit minor crimes. When Bratton realized his dream of being the America top cop, he made sure that there was a 10 percent drop in crime roam (Bratton & Knobler, 2011). Bratton and his friends use computer mapping to locate crime hidings and then cleaned up the areas by means of law enforcement. Tools such as quality of life enforcement were used to curtail minor crimes like prostitution, panhandling and squeegeeing in order to create the streets less tempting to bad criminals. He made all districts police commander answerable they were to report problems and progress in their locales during departmental meetings.In 1994 William Bratton took over, disorder and crime were so high such that it appeared a city out of power. In America, the rate of crime was higher than anything else in 1980s was. He recalls that the atmosphere was in disorder, decayed and criminality greeted him when he was appointed as the head citys transit police. NYPD too was in a evoke of confusion and inefficiency. So many lazy people, corrupt, ineffective staff who were demotivated and unaccountable, surrounded it. This department was confused collectible to valiant and unsuccessful hard work of Bratton predecessors to introduce policing into all day functioning practices. What Bratton needed was a huge shake up of attitude, accountabilities, leadership inspirational and direction sense, which he gave all

Luckier Than Stars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Luckier Than Stars - Essay ExampleThey hope that teaching a wide array of literary literary genre will do the trick, simply willing that students will find for what it is theyre looking. But what a drollery It is not this which tickles the inner pendulum. There is something powerful some language. It battles that fear. Pick a book up that speaks ab go forth speculation and one effaces that internal environment battle of not being able to use the pen. hither ones spirit can move forth freely. Whittiers (n.d., p. 151) The Wife of Manoah To Her Husband portrays a mental breakthrough of the internal critic I bowed my face, in awe and fear . . . On the dear child . . . Oh God I said, THY WILL BE DONE Undoubtedly the author attains a conclusion about theory. Because writers of creativity are continually using an attractive mix of an ingenuous dance, a dance between the rational and intuitive (Hanlon n.d.) right and left hemispheres of the mind. Whittiers theory in the verse is of a su preme beings dominance. Humans have all kinds of theories, all of them spiked with a bit of creativitys induce. There is one for washing, Ive n invariably washed my shadow out . . . And stuck it in the washtub . . . I put it in soap and bleach and stuff. . . (Silverstein 1974, p. 113). All of writing merely serves as a process of transmission. In a similar way that neurotransmitters in the human mind mutant across the lines of a back and forth running practice, the conscious mind constantly seeks out gaga connections, so as to spawn new ones to grow. Metaphorically, the mind builds an incredible structure, to a greater extent powerful and awe-inspiring than architects could ever dream of designing. Schema theory marks the ways in which schools struggle to accommodate this unique oddness of the human mind. Yet the concept maps, the chalkboard discussions in which all students bring together their personal emotions and footing knowledge about a particular subject matter, has a gr eater purpose at work than simply informational storage. The absence of this purpose generates most educational detriment. Rosenblatt verifies The text has the potential to evoke meaning simply has no meaning itself meaning is not a characteristic of texts (cited in the University of California n.d.). A human relationship is at work between the material and the reader. A reader needs to breathe, needs to believe. Schema theory represents units of connection in the way the mind works, but those who truly understand it know that it is a more an expression of self, like adding wildflowers to a growing vase Magine Dat I used to call my uncle Jet, For he was Jeff, my auntie said. The door to his room locked, Inviting me to bang, bang, it. Walking up on Sesame Street. Ernie was telling me stories, But I entangled them with reality. This pretty orange person knew Cookie Monster caused cookie crumbles, Since his blue form was related, As I saw him with those yummies. So I saw myself w ith my nickname. For Jet called me Cookie. Growing up didnt seem difficult, point though adults told woes, Because life was so exciting. Magine dat, said I with candor, So many wonderful things I Couldnt stop my puzzlement, From questioning my mom

HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

HRM - Essay ExampleBoth organizations ar based in Yorkshire and provide financial services. In order to repossess the right workforce, both organizations are in direct competition with each other. For this purpose, both of them recruit graduates for their trainee programs. In order to place them on management or professional posts, both organizations have training programs.For the recruitment of graduates, both Goldstan and Hodell use visits and advertisements in spite of appearance universities in Yorkshire. Whereas, Goldstan further utilizes local newspapers and recruitment consultants in this regard, while Hodell utilizes professional journals and it also takes help from advertising. The Goldstan asks it applicants to provide the application form that is filled in by hand, not type written or printed. On the contrary, Hodell has adopted a very catchy technique to attract the graduates since the 1970s. The company provides brochures to graduates that talk about the advantages of operative with the organization and the prestige of the company. It requires Curriculum Vitae of the candidate with a covering letter.The selection process at Goldstan undergoes a single panel interview. The Head of the Department or Human Resource Manager conducts the interview where the recruit is required. The interviewee is asked to give a fifteen minutes presentation on a specific issue quest the interview. If the candidate is found satisfactory with his performance and capabilities, then the employment offers are made.On the other hand, Hodell holds dickens interviews with the candidates. The first interview is conducted by the Human Resource Manager while the second one is conducted by the Head of the Department or with the senior employee / staff member of the department where the vacancy is available. Following boffo interviews, the candidate is then supposed to complete personality and intelligence tests. Once the candidate passes these

Corporate Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Corporate Finance - evidence ExampleTSR is defined as a measure that helps in evaluating the performance of different go withs shares and stocks everyplace the passage of time. It takes into account appreciation of share price and payment of dividends in order to register the total shareholders return and is expressed as percentage. It is calculated afterward considering capital gain, which is increase after purchase of companys share. In calculating TSR, it is assumed that the dividends are reinvested in the company shares (Rexam Plc, 2014b). Through calculation of TSR, the performance of share is compared over the period of time. This is the main advantage of calculating TSR as it shows the exact position of the share even if it has high return and low dividend or low growth and high dividend.After collecting relevant information from the annual reports of the two companies mentioned above, TSR is calculated. The information needed for the said(prenominal) are share price a t the end and beginning of the year along with the dividend that are nonrecreational out to the shareholders. This information has helped to calculate the TSR of the companies, which are provided in the following turn off (Rexam Plc, 2014a)The above table reflects the mixture or fluctuation in the value of TSR over the 7 years. It is observed that the TSR value of Rexam Plc has increased over the years from a negative value since 2007. During the period 2007-2009, the company was unable to maintain a positive degree TSR mainly due to its poor performance in the industry, which occurred mainly due to the insufficient sales. However, positive TSR after 2009 indicates that the company has improved its share price performance, which is the result of increase in sales. Presently, the company has satisfied customers by offering them with good return and higher dividends, which are reinvested in company shares that are issued for them.From the above table it is evident that GSK has enc ountered

Homosexuals in the Military Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Homosexuals in the Military - bourn Paper ExampleThese isolateddoms and rights ar entitled to all American citizens, including homosexuals. However, behind the displayed screen of an apparently free and equal society, homosexuals cannot openly exercise some of the rights that other American citizens are allowed to. Military service is the example discussed here.Homosexuals often have two parallel lives or sides to them. In one they live openly as they delight, associating themselves with whomever they please, dressing the way they want, speaking the way they want to speak and plainly living as they please just like everyone else in society. In the other, they must hide their real selves and conform to the masses in order to enjoy the rights and privileges of the average citizen or, more disturbingly, to avoid discrimination and overt hostility from others. It is the general verbalise of things that the rights of a person end where the rights of another begin. As such, just as t he right of free bringing is subject to the limitation of not defaming or slandering others, the right of homosexuals to simply be their true selves and embrace their sexuality seems to be subject to the right of the masses to be shielded from behavioral aspects that they subjectively feel are immoral or unnatural. As such there are many instances where homosexuals who openly display and eve advertise their sexuality in the streets through the use of banners and advertisements are seen as offensive and many large number act hostile against this, leading to discrimination. This same situation is the problem homosexuals experience while serving in the military.

To what extent do you agree with free market economies being more Essay - 1

To what extent do you agree with free securities industry economies being to a greater extent effective than a mixed preservation - Essay ExampleAll individuals act on their behalf til now the actions argon aimed at satisfying consumer needs. The free market economy is controlled by a price mechanism where the prices of goods and services are not determined by the politics (Kates, 201134). They are determined by the trade between the forces of demand and try whereby price acts as an indicator for the suppliers to decrease or increase supply so as to reach an equilibrium between the forces of demand and supply and the best allocation of resources. Income and resources are distributed and allocated efficiently by using the price mechanism. A free market economy is an economic dodging that is not influenced by the government or other political forces (Kates, 201134). The rate of growth in much(prenominal) an economy relies on the level of consumer activity that is connected to the consumers purchases. This kernel that economic growth is possible in an economy that is not controlled by the government. Free market economies are closely linked with capitalism in the modern-day usage and popular culture. Cooperative members, market socialists and supporters of profit sharing support free markets. why is a free market economy better than mixed economy? A free market economy is better than a mixed economy in various ways. ... Secondly, free market economies are flexible and therefore adjust freely to change. If there is a change in demand of a certain good or service in the market, companies can increase their production to meet the change magnitude demand in the market. Conversely, in a mixed market economy, the government regulates the quantity that is produced and supplied in the market. in that respect is increased disputation among the major producers in the company. This mounts increasing pressure on the producers to improve their products and lower their prices so as to attract a higher number of consumers (Sirico, 201214). On the contrary, in a mixed economy a central authority such as the state or the government regulates the quality of goods and services. This means that the competition in the prices of goods and services is minimal hence consumers do not benefit in the long-run. In addition, increased competition among the producers encourages production using the latest technology (Kates, 201134). In other words, increased competition in the market leads to increased innovation that positively contributes to productivity. A free market economy encourages logical self-interest. People have more than freedom to undertake actions that they want and to buy and sell what they want. Consumers have more freedom to produce and sell what they want with minimal government interference. However, in a mixed economy, the government sets the standards to be followed by the producers and consumers. Finally, the consumers determine the success or failure of a products or service in the organisation (Sirico, 201214). This means that the consumers have more power to drive the prices of goods and the quantity produced. On the other hand, in a mixed economy, a central planning

Scan virus for all domestic animal in Saudi Arabia Research Proposal

conk out virus for all national animal in Saudi Arabia - Research Proposal Examplesuch(prenominal)(prenominal) illnesses unfold to existence due to failure to understand the natural environment. Over the past decade, many lot have lost their lives globally because of serious infections caused by animals. Examples of such illnesses are Ebola and AIDS. A few forms ago, a virus spread by domestic birds affected many hatful in easterly Asia. In Saudi Arabia, a virus that spread from domestic animals to humans is corona virus. This virus spread to humans through their interaction with camels. Reports indicate that about 800 people were give with the virus in the core East (Merson, Black & Mills, 2012). The first case of infection was reported in Saudi Arabia in the year 2012. It causes serious respiratory illnesses. About 27 percent of people infected with the virus die. People with weaker immunes systems as such the elderly and those with other illnesses such as diabetes are m ore vulnerable to the viruses. The public wellness departments have been pore on scanning only wild animals for virus. It is also crucial for them to start focusing more on scanning domestic animals. If action is not taken in time, more people will die of the infections caused by viruses spread to humans by domestic animals.Failure to scan domestic animals has contributed the deaths of many people in Saudi Arabia and other parts of the world. This is because animals have viruses that cause deadly infections to humans (Merson, Black & Mills, 2012). Apart from corona virus, another virus that uses domestic animals as hosts is rabies. Rabies is among the most infected illnesses. Studies show that it is responsible for thousands of deaths each year in the world. Rabies is transmitted to human when bitten by infected dogs and cats.Apart from dogs, poultry farmers are also at high risks of being infected by viruses such as H5N1. In the year 2007 April, Saudi Arabia reported a fist case of H5NI. Birds spread this virus when they

Virtue Ethics Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Virtue ethical motive - Personal Statement ExampleThis is because no man is truly virtuous and everyone has certain deficiencies to appropriate degrees when evaluated against full character. When the question turns towards practices in business, good character and virtuousness do not stand very tumefy in todays world if survival and sustainability are he immediate goals of the business activity. This is because, in accordance with the assumption situation, one may have to resort to means that may not be harmful to anyone, exactly do not fall within the framework of righteousness. For example, if there is a severe competition in the market, then it is not desirable to give way to others thinking that everyone should have an equal share of the business. In fact, businesses would not exist for long if they went that way.According to me, the sole aim of any business would be to get hold of for the generation of good consequences not only for the business, but also for every other en tity as distant as possible. As such, I believe that this should be the sole guiding path for a business. If I were to adopt this path, then my intentions would be multi-faceted. The quest for good results would make me ensure that I provide for the impoverished to the maximum extent possible. Likewise, I also feel that the people and other entities I am knobbed or related to must also benefit as a result of my actions and the business progress.

Enhancing internal marketing to solve potential conflicts between Dissertation

Enhancing internal marketing to solve potential conflicts among marketers and engineers indoors grammatical construction firms - Dissertation ExampleThe focus of this paper is a study of how enhancing internal marketing apprize help solve potential conflicts betwixt marketers and engineers within construction firms doing business in United Arab Emirates. The resolve of the study is therefore to explore whether businesses work better when applying the internal marketing model on the construction companies working in the said area under study through improving the relationship between marketers and engineers or not for future business escalation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to acknowledge certain institutions and individuals for their important contribution to the successful completion of this dissertation. Im particularly indebted to my Dissertation Adviser for guiding, backing and encouraging me throughout my research work. Special give thanks go to the University library staff f or availing vast resources that added horrifying value to this dissertation. I also wish to record my special gratitude and sincere appreciation to all my colleagues and stuffy family members for the support and encouragement they accorded me. Lastly but not the least, I wish to register my sincere thanks to all the respondents who took part in the study. Table of Contents Page Running Head 1 executive Summary 2 Acknowledgement 3 Table of contents 4 List of tables 7 CHAPTER superstar asylum 8 1.1. Overview 8 1.2. Background Information 9 1.3. Significance of the Study 10 1.4. bother Statement and Research questions 11 1.5. Scope of the research 11 1.6. Research objectives 12 1.7. Research questions 12 1.8. Research design 12 1.9. Chapter Summary 13 CHAPTER TWO Literature review 14 2.1. Introduction 14 2.2. The role of internal marketing and employees relationships 15 2.3. The concept of internal marketing 16 2.4. implementation of Internal Marketing and Marketing Mix 18 2.5. C haracteristics of Internal Marketing-Oriented Organization 22 2.6. Conflict between Engineers and Marketers 23 2.7. Importance of internal marketing 26 2.8. Conclusion 30 2.9. Chapter Summary 32 CHAPTER tierce Methodology 33 3.1. Introduction 33 3.2. Design Appropriateness 33 3.3. Area of study 34 3.4. The target population 34 3.5. Sampling technique 35 3.6. Instrumentation 36 3.7. info aggregation process 37 3.8. Statistical data analysis 38 3.9. Reliability and Validity 38 3.10. honest considerations 39 3.11. Chapter Summary 39 CHAPTER FOUR Findings 40 4.1. Introduction 40 4.2. Characteristics of Respondents 40 4. 3. Descriptive Data 42 4.4. Chapter Summary 51 CHAPTER FIVE Discussions and Implications 52 5.1. Introduction 52 5.2. Discussion of the results 52 5.3. matter-of-fact implications of this study 56 5.4. Chapter Summary 57 CHAPTER SIX Conclusions and Recommendations 58 6.1. Introduction 58 6.2. General drumhead of findings 58 6.3. Limitations of the Study 60 6.4. Rec ommendations for future research 61 6.5. Concluding remarks 62 6.6. Personal Reflections 63 6.7. Chapter summary 63 BIBLIOGRAPHY 64 APPENDICES 66 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 4P elements of marketing mix 20 Table 2 Characteristics of Respondents 41 Table 3 Relationship between engineers and marketers 43 Table 4 Assessment of engineering-marketing

Hormones and the Stressed Brain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hormones and the Stressed Brain - Essay ExampleOne, the mineralocorticoid receptors ( MRs) that control the genes for stabilization of neural activity produced in response to the sift cod to the release of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)-1 receptor. The glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) which unlike the MRs reach low affinity induce agitation in the genes in response to the stress level produced by cortisol. GRs along with CRH-2 receptors, and parasympathetic system of behavioral alteration, aid in storing energy and information for any next occasions. Coordination and balance between the two is important for mental and physical health. Imbalance may occur due to genetic defect, individual experience and so forthaltering the neural signal route controlling memory, emotion etc. Understanding the mechanism of corticosteroid help to find causes behind various stress related complaint like depression.The individuals response to his/her environment is determined by the stress me diators or management hormones like corticosteroids in general concentrated in the brain. In a sizeable human being with perfectly balanced stress system the response operates is synonymous to the switch on and off responses of an electric fan. Sometimes these mediators may not operate in a balanced and coordinated way as in normal healthy humans.

Biological Anthropology (Growth and Maturation) Essay

Biological Anthropology (Growth and Maturation) - Essay ExampleA more thorough examination could hand over that a propensity towards obesity is determined by genes, but genes alone cannot bring about the inherent change.Moreover, the environment where in we subsist has been greatly transformed by culture (Hanson, 1981). How much we eat and level what we eat depends quite insignificantly upon the naturally arising food sources in the locality. Most people depend upon the accessibility of food at the grocery store, their food preferences, and their available money to buy food. These be cultural forces.The crease of this essay is that biological anthropologists has constantly studied comprehensively and rigorously traits that are readily observable, in this elusion body proportions, with the intention of proving that the environment influenced them less or possibly not at all. It has been quite unbiased to remove environmental factors in studying bodily proportions, but not at a ll sincere to identify their form of inheritance in a majority of cases. Understanding the genotype from a comparatively forced phenotype is more complicated when biological anthropologists take into account other features of bodily and facial mien wherein the current diversity of human beings is evident. The capacity of the environment to modify the activities of those genes which set up the possibilities for human developing and maturation is well-documented. But the way in which they do so and level of environmental alteration are not practically quite well-known or understood hence it is important for academics to study this domain of a function of human evolution thru the lens of biological anthropology.This study will attempt to verify the argument erect forth by initially discussing the theoretical perspective underlying it, which is the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Model, and then analytical approaches and proof on the subject matter will be identified and

Discuss the major problem involoved in the develpoment of anticancer Essay

Discuss the major problem involoved in the develpoment of antimalignant neoplastic disease agents today include in ur answer some discussion what step might be taken to get around so - Essay ExampleSurgical treatment involves surgical excision of a tumor or an wide organ but the propensity of set upcer cells to microscopically metastases makes it effective only in localized piffling cancers such as breast and prostate tumors. Radiation therapy can come in the form of radiotherapy, roentgen ray therapy and irradiation and uses ionizing radiation to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy involves the treatment of cancer with cytotoxic drugs that can have many a nonher(prenominal) effects specifically geared towards the elimination of cancer cells. One of the effects of the drugs is to interfere with cell sectionalization by hindering the duplication of DNA and the separation of chromosomes. The anticancer drugs travel through the bloodstream do it useful for cancers that have spread. Monoclonal antibody therapy involves the administration of antibodies that bind to a protein on the surface of the cancer cells. cancer treatment depends on factors such as location, degree of severity, grade of tumor and the general state of the patient. In essence, the goal of cancer treatment is to remove or destroy the malignant cells without excessive damage to the body. This is easier utter than done. Indeed, the treatments mentioned are far from being the panacea for cancer as they are severely limited not only by financial challenges but also of scientific obstacles that makes it very hard for scientists to make a breakthrough in the field of cancer research. The aim of this paper is to watch out the challenges facing the development of a cure of cancer. While a discussion on financial constraints would be provided, I will be focusing more on the theoretical and scientific aspects that inhibit the development of cancer cure. Possible solutions for overcoming growth cancer cure that are based on studies will then be discussed and explored to determine the principles of how it would work. 2.0 The original State of Cancer Research2.1 Development Processes in Clinical StudiesDeveloping a new drug is an expensive, time-consuming process that usually takes ten years to push through. Development and determination of effectiveness of assertable cancer treatment usually comes in the form clinical trials. Clinicaltrials areresearch studies wherein the treatment is applied to human patients to determine if it is effective. Regulating bodies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversee medical and ethical panels that follow the research methods and ethics of the clinical trial to be undertaken and monitor the trial phases. The standard phases are the chase (Coleman, 1998)Synthesis and Purification (1st and 2nd year) - researchers identify a substance that may be useful as a drug.Animal Testing (1st and 2nd year) - the substance is tested on animal s to obtain preliminary culture on whether the drug is safe and how it is metabolized in the body. Phase 1 Clinical trials (3rd year) - patients who have advanced cancer and are not helped by any other known treatments are recruited for the trial. They would be subjected to an analysis for the opera hat dosage and delivery method of a new drug treatment. Phase 2 Clinical trials (4th and fifth year) - the drug is tested with groups of patients each having a different type of cancer. This is done to determine what types of cancer can the

MT140 Unit 4 Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MT140 Unit 4 Assignment - research Paper Example2. Promoting an existing omnibus is a very intelligent move as the manager would be aware of the business and its policies. Normally it takes time for hot managers to adjust to the philosophy and culture of an ecesis but promoting an existing manager would avoid such problems. It would also be easier for an existing manager to make known as he would be familiar with some of the location managers (Samovar & McDaniel, 2010).3. The chief executive officer should be making these decisions because the new coordinating manager would be directly working under him. He would be responsible for communicating between the location managers and the CEO so the CEO must choose a person with extensive communication skills (Samovar & McDaniel, 2010). The CEO must realize the importance of the job as it would link him to the rest of the team and should pick the candidate himself based on the qualifications and skills.4. When the new position is cr eated then it bequeath not qualify the level of authority for the CEO and the upper management however the middle and lower management will be affected. The CEO would require the location manager to report the coordinating manager and they would have the countenance of directly communicating with the CEO taken away from them. They would not be able to communicate with the CEO on regular basis making them more reliant on the coordinating manager (Samovar & McDaniel, 2010). On the other hand, the coordinating manager will have a greater say in grave matter and in some cases even over the senior managers of the

Product Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Product Assessment - Essay ExampleThe display panel on the right shows that about 85% of the total population in the United States uses meandering(a) call ups. The age group which owns a mobile border ranges from 18-29 years old while the age group with the least percentage of mobile phone self-possession is the 65+ age group which stands at only 58%.The mobile phones have lost the popularity in the recent years and statistics reveal that it is likely that the product will continue to decline given the take and the sudden rise in the popularity of smartphones. It is estimated that in the year 2012, almost half of all the mobile phone users will have switched to the smartphones and this will mean that with time, mobile phone ownership and usage will strike before it becomes more or less a non-existent product eventually. (Stewart)Companies such as Apple, Samsung and HTC have witnessed wide-eyed rises in their sales in the recent years and their popularity has gone sky high th anks to the initiation of newer versions of smartphones which offer an incredible amount of functions and opportunities to explore. This gives the mobile phone manufacturers and marketers enough to worry about with the US enumerate supporting the view that people may actually shift from mobile phones to smartphones in the near future.The table above shows the methods used by the American households to use the internet. The usage of internet in the United States is very high and is now considered as one of the basic necessities of the public. The table shows the data from a US number in the year 2010 and it shows that about 9.1% of the households now use mobiles for internet usage. The internet accessibility in mobile phones is very limited and people have started to shift to smartphones due to the fact that these smartphones offer a wide range of internet options and much better accessibility and surfing options.Also the competition among the top 4 smartphone

New Doha International Airport Design and Construction Research Paper

impudently Doha International airdrome Design and Construction - Research Paper ExampleArea 3 includes airdrome destination facilities, composition Area 4 includes landscaping and support buildings for the airport.The New Doha International Airport is designed to get through more than 22 square kilometers of land, which amounts to just about one quarter the size of the old city of Doha, and about 3 times the size of the active airport in Doha. The airport is designed to cater to as numerous as 50 million people, 2 million tones of luggage, and also handle as many as 320,000 aircraft takeoffs and landings per year. By opening day, as many as 8,700 passengers can go through the terminal complex in a single hour. The airports eastern runway will be 4,850 meters long, only150 meters shorter than the longest commercial runway in the world at Ulyanovsk-Vostochny International Airport in Russia. By opening day, the 350,000+ square meter passenger terminal facility will be the large st building in Doha, covering an battlefield equivalent to 50 full size football pitches. As such, it will be bigger than Dohas City Center Plaza which has an internal area of 290,000 m2. Flights and passenger touch facilities will be organized in a way to minimize walking distances for various travelers. contemptible walkways will also help to shorten the distances to the contact gates. The new airport check-in and retail areas completely will be big enough to squeeze in ten wide body aircraft. When completed, this area will be about 12 times bigger than the retail and check-in areas at the existing facility, making the journey through check-in much quicker, and the shopping experience more varied. (Airport Technology - New Doha International Airport, Qatar). The New Doha International Airport is designed to be one of the nearly advanced airports in the world, and will serve as home to Qatar Airways, which is a leading airline worldwide. The airport is designed to be able to h andle operations of some of the biggest passenger planes in the

Conceptual Analysis 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Conceptual Analysis 3 - Essay ExampleSowa instigates that diagrams ar simplified figures that convey mean message in a undecomposable manner without utilise many another(prenominal) words (John, 1984). In his work he describes several diagramming proficiencys that are very relevant in conveying messages in a simplified manner. There are many diagramming methods including ladder charts, entity relationship, data-flow, and object oriented diagrams (John, 1984). This paper will analyze several diagramming techniques.Data-flow technique is a means of representing information or a system regardless of the level involved using symbols that show the flow of data, network of data, data processes and data stores. The main purpose of using data flow technique is to provide a systematic between users and system developers. Using data flow charts has a variety of advantages. The first advantage is that it reduces the amount of words that would have been used in explanation of the intended message. The second advantage is that data flow representation builds a systematic way of disseminating information. It shows the logical successiveness of the data being delineate. Thirdly, it represents the information in a hierarchical manner, showing every details of a system at any level. Fourthly, it is user friendly in that it allows users to understand the information being represented and gives the user an opportunity for review.They are diagrams used in object oriented models. They help in exposition of machines that have a number of states. These machines receive events from external environment and the events drive the machine in rotation from one state to the other. This kind of diagramming technique helps in giving the explicit definition of a machine and its behavior. One feature that makes this technique unique is its ability to generalize states. This ability allows the factoring of earthy transitions. State models are suitable when describing

How to make the world a better place to live in Essay Example for Free

How to make the adult male a better place to live in EssayThere is nonhing which preempt be done to tot all in ally improve the universes condition presently. However, there is something which can de done for the betterment of the foundations condition. The main dot which could affect the condition of the world is Education. Education provides flock with enjoyledge, intercourse skills, discipline, and in whatever case with dignity. Educations purpose is to replace an invalidate mind with an candid one verbalize Malcolm Forbes. The supporting idea which could improve the worlds current situation is godliness. Religion provides commonwealth with a tone system consisting of discipline, tradition, culture, and ethical motive. Matthew Arnold had said that the true meaning of religion is thus not simply morality, but morality touched with emotion.Last thing that might help is looking at the world in a social aspect. being social gives us a to a greater extent corre spondence character, and it gives us more discipline just about the current issues which at least makes us not ignorant, and it also makes us more open to heap. If a someone has knowledge, estimable communication skills, discipline, dignity, a belief system consisting of traditions, cultures, and moral values, understanding, not ignorant, and more open, than that person could cause no harm or trouble to anyone. If billions of pile view the world as an educational, religious, and also a social place, then the condition of the world would be greatly improved and would be a heaven to some citizenry.Today, people slang no cartridge clip to do anything. They are so busy working that they dont even know what is going on about them. All they want to do is to earn money. bills is e very(prenominal)thing for everyone these days. Money brings happiness to people nowadays, which is totally wrong. Money can never bring peace in anyones life. Money can actually ruin a persons life b y bringing jealousy, and proud into that person. If a person has a lot of money, he tends to restrain more power on others, which usually leads to an evil act or a selfish act. Billions of people look at the world in an economic view which is the cause of all the politics tensions, wars, and all different kinds of riots and disasters. However, if people look at the world in different aspects, the world could be a better place to live in.Educations purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one said Malcolm Forbes. Education can improve the worlds condition greatly. WithoutEducation, people would just live like cavemen and cavewomen. They will have no idea about anything. If everyone in this world is educated, there would be fewer problems in the world for example, over population. Education provides people with knowledge, communication skills, discipline, and also with dignity. From knowledge, we learn, understand, and analyze. We require to learn in order to know how things work. We understand by the learning and by all this learning and understanding, we can analyze things.From good communication skills, we tend to communicate well with others with bring ond a better understanding between others. From discipline, people get self-command. Having self-control is always good because you know how and when to act. Lastly, from dignity, people learn how to respect themselves which brings in them an optimistic view. Education can provide all these qualities in a person. Education can make the worlds condition better which would create fewer problems in the world.The true meaning of religion is thus not simply morality, but morality touched with emotion said Matthew Arnold. Religion could also improve the condition of the world with the support of education. Without religion, people would have no belief system or any traditions and cultures. People would not have any history of their own backgrounds and their ethnic values. A religion teaches us what is goo d and what is bad for us. Religion provides people with a belief system consisting of discipline, tradition, culture, and morality. We consider a belief system in order to hold the line a systematic schedule between work and also personal life. We select discipline because we need self-control.Having self-control is always good because you know how and when to act. We need traditions and cultures because without traditions and cultures, we will just live out lives as a robot. We will not have any festivals and will not believe in anyone or God. Traditions and cultures affect the way we look at things and also affect our thinking. Our traditions and cultures make us act as we do. Lastly, religion provides us with moral values. We need moral values in order to know what is good and what is bad for us. Without religion, we are nothing but just a bunch of people looking at the world in a very practical view with solvents in selfishness.Supported with education, and religion, looking at the world in a social aspect also helps to improve the worlds condition. If a person is not socially involved, it is likely that that person would have fewer knowledge of what is going on around the world as that person would not discuss about current affairs with others. That person would also not know other people properly which could results in disaster especially during bad times when you need someones help. Being social gives us a more understanding character, and it gives us more information about the current issues which at least makes us not ignorant, and it also makes us more open to people. You need to be more understanding in order for you to make good relationship with other people which make it easier to be socially involved. If you are more understanding, people will tend to talk to you more, which could result in being open with other people. Being socially involved can be very enjoyable yet also could be very beneficial.If billions of people view the world as an educational, religious, and also a social place, then the condition of the world would be greatly improved and would be a heaven to some people. Education provides people with knowledge, communication skills, discipline, and also with dignity. Religion provides people with a belief system consisting of discipline, tradition, culture, and morality. Being social gives us a more understanding character, and it gives us more information about the current issues which at least makes us not ignorant, and it also makes us more open to people.If a person has knowledge, good communication skills, discipline, dignity, a belief system consisting of traditions, cultures, and moral values, understanding, not ignorant, and more open, than that person could cause no harm or trouble to anyone. Education is needed because it makes a person who he/she really is and what his/her capabilities are. Religion is needed because it is necessary for every individual in a society. Being social is needed in or der for your own recognition in a society. Every person needs to be educated, religious, and also social. These are the three aspects of life. Billions of peoples life could be enhanced if everyone views this world in these three aspects.

Brave New World and Anthem Essay Example for Free

stomach saucily World and hymn EssayIn both prevail New World and hymn the vestigial themes are very similar. The authorities controls every aspect of peoples lives, everyone is sayd to be abruptly happy with what role they are given, and the main character do not fit into what the regime was deemed normal. tour both books have these very similar traits, there are many differences as well the style the government controls the people, as well as the form of government, the way people of both societies treat from each one other, and the situation in which the main characters are placed. In both suffer New World and Anthem the government controls everything about a person. In Brave New World the government has taken the net step in controlling the people. The government has taken peoples right to have children away, and or else grow children in labs, dictating what the childs life will be like from the sentence the spermatozoan is introduced to the egg. The governme nt adds enhancers if they necessitate the child to come out smart, or things like alcohol to the embryo if they want it to come out stupid.Then the child is put done a series of conditioning treatments that reconcile the child behave exactly how the government wants the child to (Huxley). In Anthem the government has also taken control of every aspect of te peoples lives. They are not as drastic as the government in Brave New World, but they put a child through a conditioning school, they choose the job that the person will do, and they choose when babies will be made. In Anthem the government is a council of submiters that have been chosen by the previous leaders to lead the people, and make them conform to the way that the council wants the people to think.There are councils in every city in Anthem as well as sub-council that control other aspects of life, for example the council of scholars rules over the new inventions, and studies conducted (Rand). Brave New Worlds governme nt is a series of people c wholeed ascendencys that rule over a continent, each controller is in charge of everything that happens in the continent be it new discoveries, or what signifier of felly to show the people. The controllers have absolute power within their continents, but there is also a world council.Each controller is part of the world council and they make decisions that involve more than one controllers continent. In the books the government has taken measures to see that everyone is perfectly happy, no matter what the cost of joy is. In Anthem the children are taught from infancy that they would be perfectly happy if they loved their brothers and did their best to religious service them. The children were punished if they tried to do something that their brothers would not like, or would not benefit the rest of the existence.This method did not always work because some people where resistant to the ideas, and would always think in a dissimilar way that would mak e them unhappy. Also in Anthem the men are taught to stay happy they must(prenominal) serve their brothers fully and not interact with women at all. It is a crime to interact with women outside of the time of breeding. While in Brave New World the government took the children from birth and utilise conditioning as well as things like electric shocks to make the children think a certain way.This method is used until the children reach adulthood, and then to keep the population happy they are given a drug called soma. condition is a mind altering drug ha makes the people happy an forget all their worries. The government convinced everyone that Soma was solution to the unhappiness in the world. Yet, this happiness is one reduced to sheer consumerism, besides as politics in the brave new world is degraded to conformism. ( Diken Bulent). More tellingly yet, the unaccompanied alternative set in the book against this sterile, suffocating civilization is religious fundamentalism (Diken Bulent).Another way that the government in Brave New World fools everyone into thinking that they are happy is by teaching the population that everyone belongs to everyone, and that having sex with as many people as viable as often as possible is a good thing, and is highly encouraged. The main characters in both Brave New World and Anthem do not fit into what the governments see as the perfect world. In Anthem compare 7-2521 who was innate(p) into his society wanted to be a scholar, and help his brothers with his ideas, and inventions, but he was assigned to be a street sweeper.When Equality tried to change his life, and took the light bulb to the scholars hoping that they would accept him into their ranks and let him study with them. Equality was then punished and sentenced to death for trying to help his brothers better themselves, but escaped with his beloved and founded a new colony in which the mind would not be oppressed by the government. In Brave New World John is a boy from a reservation brought into society as an experiment, he does not understand the logic of the people, or the way they are until he meets the controller of the continent.While everyone that was brocaded in society is very promiscuous, and open with everything, John who was raised on the reservation only wants to be with one person, and keep his relationship private. This goes against everything that the people of civilization believe in. the differences eventually lead to John expiration the city to go live in a lighthouse far from the city. He eventually killed himself because he could no longer handle what was going on in his head, and the things going on around him.Brave New World and Anthem where very similar in the fact that they both had governments that dictated everything, things that where suppose to eliminate unhappiness, and had main characters that did not fit into the world in which they found themselves living. There where also lovely outstanding differences betwe en the books as well though, the way the two societies viewed interactions with the opposite sex, the ways the governments where structured, and most of all the ending of the books. One character goes on to live his life with the one he loves, while the other commits suicide.

Conan Doyle Essay Example for Free

Conan Doyle EssayIn the The somber Carbuncle intelligence agent Holmes solves the mystery of a stolen diamond. The criminal in this written report is a man named James Ryder. later James Ryder had stolen The inconsolable Carbuncle he stuck it down a gooses throat. The goose that had the diamond was distributed the Breckenridge Stall, then sold to a goose club at the Alpha Inn. Sherlock Holmes bumps into James Ryder outside the Breckenridge Stall. Sherlock Holmes makes the criminal scab to what he had done. Sherlock Holmes then lets him go free because he turn overs that he will not drill either more crimes, because of how fearful he was.It was quite important for Sir Arthur Conan Doyle to create a strange ambience because it adds to the tension. All three stories have strange and unusual atmospheres, but apiece storys atmosphere is different. In The expiration Headed group discussion, Conan Doyle describes the body politic of Saxe-Coburg Square. He learns how unple asant and muddled the area is. It was a pokey, little, shabby-genteel place, where four lines of dingy two-storied brick houses looked out into a small railed-in enclosure, where a lawn of weedy grass and a few clumps of faded laurel bushes do a hard fight against a smoke-laden and uncongenial atmosphere. The words that are utilize here take the stand the messiness and unpleasantness of the area. The words pokey, little, shabby-genteel, dingy and smoke-laden all give a pretty good idea that the area was quite chaotic. In The speckled Band Conan Doyle created a thrilling and frightening atmosphere, as if it was a plague story. The Speckled Band was set at Stoke Moran in Surrey, which is where Julia Stoner was killed. At the beginning of the story when Helen Stoner is talking to Sherlock Holmes about her problems she describes how the dark was when Julia was killed.It was a wild night, this shows that that night was unlike any ordinary night. The wind was ululation outside, and the rain was beating and splashing against the windows. This describes a lot of the atmosphere it shows that the bear was quite stormy. This besides explains why Helen couldnt sleep. Suddenly, amidst all the hubbub of the gale, there burst forth the wild scream of a terrified womanhood. Conan Doyles intend effect was to thrill the reviewer Conan Doyle has achieved this by using the words wild, howling and beating. Here the writers effect was to try and scare or thrill the subscriber.Whereas in The Blue Carbuncle the atmosphere was a little different. It was a bitter night. Here, Conan Doyle is trying to show the reader that it is cold outside. He achieves this by describing the night as bitter. The reader will also know that it is cold because Holmes and Watson both put on their ulsters and cravats. Outside, the stars were light coldly in a cloudless sky, here Conan Doyle is trying to show the reader that the area is really calm and peaceful, unlike in The Red Headed League where the area is busy and unpleasant.Sir Arthur Conan Doyle used different ways to show that these stories take place in the eighties and 1890s. Most of the time he adduces carriages, which were used in that time. at once carriages are not used because they have been replaced by cars. In The Red Headed League when Sherlock Holmes is memorising all the shops at Saxe-Coburg Square he comes across a shop that makes carriages. McFarlanes carriage-building depot. Here the writer intended to show the reader that this was a time where carriages were used as a form of transport. The effect on the reader is that the reader knows this story is set in the 1890s.Conan Doyle also uses attends and newspapers to show that these stories are set in the 1880s and 1890s. In The Speckled Band and The Red Headed league Conan Doyle mentions the date, but he does not mention the date in The Blue Carbuncle. In The Speckled Band, right at the beginning of the story magical spell Dr. Watson is narrati ng, he says It was early in April, in the year 83 hear the writer is showing the reader that this story is taking place in the year 1883. In The Red Headed League, the note that Jabez Wilson shows to Sherlock Holmes had a date on it. The note said, THE RED-HEADED LEAGUE IS DISSOLVED.October 9, 1890. Also when Mr. Wilson is showing Sherlock Holmes the advertisement he mentions the date on the newspaper. It is The Morning Chronicle of April 27, 1890. Just two months ago. By saying that the newspaper was from two months ago, Conan Doyle is revealing the reader that this story was set in 1890. Conan Doyle did not always use the same techniques, to show that each story was set in the 1880s and 1890s. Unlike The Speckled Band and The Red Headed League, in The Blue Carbuncle there are no dates to show that the story is set in the 1880s and 1890s.Conan Doyle uses different techniques to show that this story is also set in that time. In The Blue Carbuncle and The Red Headed Conan Doyle re fers to gas-lit lamps, as gas lamps were used in the 1880s and 1890s. In The Blue Carbuncle when Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson were jus about to leave the Breckenridge stall, Watson narrates Turning round we saying a little rat-faced fellow standing in the centre of the circle of yellow light which was throw by the swinging lamp. He also says, He sprang round, and I could see in the gas-light that e very sign of colour had been driven from his face. Also in The Red Headed League Watson says, We rattled through an endless snarl of gas-lit streets until we emerged into Farrington Street. These references to gas lamps show that the stories were set in the 1880s and 1890s. Conan Doyle also referred to matches in The Speckled Band. Even though we use matches nowadays, we do not use them for the same purposes as in the 1880s and 1890s. In those multiplication they were used to see in the dark or to light lanterns. When Helen stoner is talking about what happened to her infant Julia she mentions a match.In her right hand was found the charred stump of a match, and in her left a match-box. This shows that when Julia woke up she struck a match to see what was going on. The value of money in the 1880s and the 1890s was much different than the value for money now. At that time people were salaried just about i 4 a week, which was considered quite a lot of money. Whereas, people now are paid much more and with i 4 you cant really buy much. The social differences in those clock also show that these stories were based in the 1880s and 1890s. If you look at Helen Stoner, she was a rich woman that lived in a big house with servants.In those times rich people were considered superior to poorer people. Nowadays you wouldnt find servants working for rich people, because weather your rich or poor you have rights. The audience or readers would recognise the places named in the stories, which are all in England. The intended effect of the writer was to make the reader fe el as if he or she was in the story itself, which would make it feel more dramatic. Conan Doyle achieves this by using areas in London that most people live in. Places such as Holborn and Harrow. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle used very unusual titles for his stories to intrigue the reader.When a reader sees the title The Speckled Band, he or she wouldnt think of a venomous Indian snake. The reader wouldnt know what to think, which make them want to read the story to see what The Speckled Band is. The same with The Red Headed League, which is a very unusual title. The reader wouldnt think that that The Red Headed League was a club for read headed people who were paid i 4 a week for write the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Conan Doyle uses these unusual titles to throw the reader off track. In The Speckled band Conan Doyle makes the reader think that the gypsies are the ones that killed Julia Stoner.He makes it look like all the evidence points to them. Helen Stoner says, perhaps to these very gypsies in the plantation. I do not know whether the spotted handkerchiefs which so many of them wear over their heads mightiness have suggested the strange adjective which she used. The effect on the reader was that he or she would be thrown off track to make the story feel more interesting. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle uses some very interesting openings to gimmick the readers attention. Also, every character that Conan Doyle introduces is different in some way, which makes the story feel more interesting and also to intrigue the reader.

Understanding Paul’s Case through Structuralism Essay Example for Free

Understanding capital of Minnesotas example by means of Structuralism EssayWilla Cather presents capital of Minnesotas Case using vivid symbolism and vocabulary to picture Paul, his personality, his environment, as well as his life style. Willa Cather does non straight carry Pauls feelings, salutary through the intake of language and symbols we can imply more things rough Paul, and the type of person he is. Using structuralism and semiotics to analyze Pauls case provides the opportunity to take veritable concepts in the story and down the stairsstand the true meaning that lies can buoy them. In Pauls Case language and symbolism will provide an effective understanding of Pauls withdrawn and interpret behavior, as well as how his reality of life affects him extern on the wholey and internally, the meaning behind the change in taradiddle and the sequence of events that led to the tragic ending of Pauls life. Paul entered the faculty direction suave and smiling.His clothes were a trifle knocked out(p)grown and the tan velvet on the collar of his open finish was frayed and worn but for all that there was something of the dandy about him, he wore an opal pin in his neatly knotted black four-in-hand, and a red carnation in his buttonhole. (Cather 490) There are many concepts that lie behind this quote. His suave smile is representing his calm relaxed personality, he has been suspended from school, but his unsettle style portrays that he is not filled with sorrow. His clothing is described as trifle, outgrown, frayed, and worn which can represent kickoff economic status, or a definite need of attention. His teachers frown upon the red carnation in his buttonhole. The skin rash is symbolic of his attitude. The underlying sign of the red carnation flower is the concept of defiance.The author does not state that Paul is being defiant, but it can be implied by the reactions from his teachers. The meaning behind the language in the beginning of th e story and the symbolism behind his behavior and his clothing is that Paul is withdrawn and misunderstood. The structure of language itself produces realitythat we can think only through language, and therefore our perceptions of reality are all framed by and determined by the structure of language. (Derrida) In Pauls Case, we can only determine Pauls reality through the language that identifiesPauls experiences. The moment he turned into Cordelia pass he felt the waters close above his head. After each of these orgies of living, he experienced all the physical depression which follows a debauch the loathing of respectable beds, of common food, of a house penetrated by kitchen odors a shuddering repulsion for the flavorless, colorless mass of every-day existence a morbid desire for collected things and soft lights, and fresh flowers. (Cather 494) This is the type of life Paul dreams of having. The interpretation behind this concept is happiness.Happiness that comes from having a warm comforting home, and cool things. Unfortunately Paul desires these things because he has the exact opposite. His ugly sleeping sleeping room the cold bathroom with the grimy zinc tub, the cracked mirror, the dripping spigots his father, at the top of the stairs, his hairy legs cohesive out from his night-shirt, his feet thrust into carpet slippers. (Cather 494) This description of his environment depicts Pauls reality. Paul is depressed about having to go home, he does not like being there.Paul cannot control these circumstances because he does not want to accept that this where he comes from. Paul wants to live a lavish life style he does not accept his reality. According to the descriptions provided in the text Paul is struggling with both internal and immaterial conflicts. Writers and dramatists learn from infancy its stronger to show the audience than to tell them. To say that George was a good star leaves no impression for impact, the writer shows what friendship meant to George. (Bernstein)At the time that Paul decides to flee to New York, Willa Cather changes the narration to be from Pauls perspective. Here and there on the corners were stands, with whole flower gardens blooming under glass cases, against the sides of which the snow flakes stuck and melted violets, roses, carnations, lilies of the valley-somewhat vastly more lovely and alluring that they blossomed unnaturally in the snow. (Cather 499) The use of language has shifted into positive descriptions of the atmosphere. Paul is not, as it seemed in the beginning, an abnormal person.He is a person with dreams and ambitions further like every wholeness else. The fact that he went to such extreme measures to fulfill his dreams of visiting New York shows his determination. He did not ever want to return to Cordelia Street. For him, home was worse than jail, and the thought of it was sickeningly vivid. This shows just how unhappy he was at home. The change in narration occurs to prov ide the reader with a prominent perception of Pauls life and through his explanation of the environment we can imply that he is finally depicted object with his life at this point in time. His golden days went by without a shadow, and he do each day as perfect as he could. (Cather 500)A lie will good get you out of a scrape, and yet, strangely and beautifully, rapture possesses you when you have taken the scrape and left out the lie. (Montague) He could remember a time when he had felt so at peace with himself. The classic release from the necessity of petty lying, lying every day and every day, restored his self-respect. (Cather 500) Pauls unhappiness ca apply him to lie. The author says, petty lying which is defined as meaning less lying to prove that he above the others.The underlying concept behind the lying is that Paul is ashamed of who he is, it is not like a shot stated in the text, but it is implied by Pauls behavior. His dearest pleasures were the grey winter twi lights in his sitting-room his quiet enjoyment of his flowers, his clothes, his wide divan, his cigarette, and his sense of power. (Cather 500) This description of the things that brought happiness to Paul is a dream. The dream he longed to obtain no matter what he had to do to get it. Through the system of language that is used through the story we learn that Paul seems to self-absorbed, unhappy, and not quite sure of whom he is.These characteristics of his personality strike Paul to a tragic ending. Paul commits suicide. He felt something strike his chest, and that his body was being propel swiftly through the air, on and on, immeasurably far and fast, while his limbs were gently relaxed. The because the picture making chemical mechanism was crushed, the disturbing visions flashed into black, and Paul dropped concealment into immense design of things. (Cather 502) This use of language does not state directly that Paul committed suicide, but the author states, the picture mak ing mechanism was crushed, the disturbing visions flashed into black.The concept behind this line is that his memory of life disappears. Paul would rather be dead then to go back to the life he had back home. The Language in the story is not difficult to understand. When Willa Cather describes certain concepts or images in the story there can be more then one meaning that one can obtain from it. Language is a system that is used to communicate ideas and thoughts. Words are just a jumble of letters the true meaning is the concept that lies behind them.

The idea and attitudes of the poets Essay Example for Free

The idea and attitudes of the poets EssayAll lead poesys are nigh kayoedsiders and issues that they find important. Issues that closely of us would take for granted if we were not actually in that particular group. The first numbers half-caste by John Agard addresses the issue of being half-caste. The poet ridicules the use of the term half-caste. The poet does this in a very light-hearted and fun way. He asks if Picasso is second rate just because he mixed influence in his paintings and he asks if the English weather is classed as half-caste weather because its always overcast in England. Should Tchaikovskys exert or music be classed as second rate just because he use both(prenominal) the black and white notes on his piano. The point he is fork overing to sword to the c iodiner is is some sensation who is called a half-caste only half a person? The point of the metrical composition is to try and get the take oner to be a bit to a greater extent open-minded. He deli berately uses very well known battalion geniuses even, as examples to make his point. The poet uses colloquial English and imperatives and starts the meter by using the phrase excuse me. He does this to try and attract attention and to get people to listen.He also uses the phrase explain yuself and wha you mean many times throughout the poem (repetition). Again, the idea is to get the reader/listener to think in a more open-minded way, and why we might be using the term half-caste. The poet has very effectively used dialect to make his point that the term half-caste is normally used when there is a afro-Caribbean mixed-race person involved. The poem is written in 5 stanzas of varying lengths. The poet uses short lines throughout the poem and this gives more impact to his point.He uses stanzas because it possibly gives the reader a chance to reflect on what has been said. The poet cleverly lets sentences run on into the beside stanza so that when the poem is read it can possibly be read angrily in one stanza but then with the gaps and the sentence running into the next stanza almost pleadingly as he tries to make people understand. However, there are times in the poem especially when referring to the term half-caste which could be read out angrily just to make that point stand out more forcefully.The second poem search for my tongue by Sujata Bhatt, tries to deal with the difficulty immigrants might have speaking two voice communications. This poem uses both English and Gujarati to make this point. The poet wonders whether she will forget her mother tongue but by the mop up of the poem is quite sure that she wont. The poem is written in ternary divides. In the first section the poet expresses her worries about losing her mother tongue. In the second section she explains these ideas in Gujarati whilst in the third section she dreams that although she may feel that she is losing her mother tongue, it was in fact growing stronger within her.By using the phrase I have lost my tongue the poet is cleverly telling us how confused she is and does not know what to say. plot dreaming, the poet uses metaphors to describe her tongue. She compares it with a plant when she says it grows back, a stump of a shoot grows longer. I feel that the poem should be read sadly when reading about the idea of losing the mother tongue but angrily at the thought of speaking a foreign tongue and happily towards the end of the poem when she dreams about the mother tongue getting stronger in her mind. The third poem Blessing by Imtiaz Dharker is set in a third world country.We assume this because midway through the poem he describes people belt along out from huts to collect pee. The poet is trying to emphasise the importance of wet to life. The poet compares water with silver and liquid sunshine using metaphorical language. Both silver and liquid sun reflects valuable items and thereby stipulating the importance of water to life. The poet sees water as a blessing and uses this as a central metaphor. The poem has been written in four stanzas. As it comes across as a more serious poem it gives the reader a moment to reflect on what has just been read.The poet uses short lines to get his point across and give it more impact. He uses short stanzas when describing the lack of water and longer stanzas when there is a plentiful supply of water. The poet uses a simile in his first line of the poem when he begins with the skin cracks like a pod. This gives an grasp of serious drought conditions. The poet uses nomenclature such as rush or fortune and silver crashes deliberately. These words are to do with wealth and fortune. This emphasises the importance of water to the villages. The poet also uses religious imagery.She describes people coming out from their huts to collect water as a congregation. The poem refers to men, women and children in stanza three, but only to the children in stanza four. This is because most people are sympath etic towards children and can give more emotion to the poem. The poem also stresses the antithetical way the adults and the children behave at the sight of water. Whilst the adults are busy collecting water, the children play around the water gleefully. The children are obviously unaware of how serious the situation was without water.The poem can probably be read in a pitiful tone, sympathising with the poor and cheerfully when the pipe bursts and there is water about. All three poems deal with issues important to the minority of this country. Each poet is able to convey their thoughts and feelings very effectively and each one is able to do so using their own methods of writing. Each poem uses various imagery and language to get the point across. Each poem has been effective in getting across their points across and making readers think of how a problem that they perceive as being simple, is actually very important to the people concerned.

The End of Innocence and the Darkness of Mans Heart Essay Example for Free

The End of Innocence and the Darkness of Mans Heart EssayIn overlord of the travel the author, William Golding, proves his hypothesis on the origin of evil in many ways, a main one being the changes in the character jak. William Goldings theory states that civilization prevents corruption. Human nature is evil but with the conformity of moral values, supervision, and consequences keen behavior can be developed. In his book England is involved in a nuclear contend and must evacuate the people. A group of private school boys who are presumably evacuees are dropped from a plane just before it crashes onto an uninhibited tropical island. The boys are c onlyed together by Ralph, who with Piggy had establish a conch shell. As the different boys gather onto the platform an early(a) party of the boys, the choir, marches up. They are describe as something dark or a creature, one of the first signs of evil. All of the boys decide to elect a leader and the candidates turn out to be Ralph and jackfruit, strait of the choir. When the boys choose Ralph, scallywag becomes enraged and Ralph offers that the choir be the hunters. Jack is then seen as the head hunter and a primary destructive force.Ralph, Jack, and a nonher boy, Simon, head out to survey the land and assure that it is indeed an island. The boys have their first confrontation with a informer. Jack is unable to plunge his knife into living flesh and bear the sight of flowing blood because of the restrict of the old life. He is ashamed and vows next time he will kill it as he drives his knife into a tree trunk. This is one of the first major signs of tussleof the evil ahead.Jack is later exposit as an animal, symbolizing the loss of civilization. His intonation into evil begins as the influence of his former life and the condition wears off. The hunters go out to hunt again and proudly return with meat. Jack remarks with pride about how they lash the pigs throat though he twitches as he speaks o f this achievement. Jack has not yet reached the point of savage abandonment. His mind was crowded with memories memories of the knowledge that had come to them when they closed in on the struggling pig, knowledge that they had outwitted a living thing,imposed their will upon it, taken away its life like a long real drink. Another sign of the conditioning wearing off is when Jack marks another boy, Piggy, breaking his specs, because Piggy stood up for himself and his beliefs.On another hunt, Ralph joins the hunters. This hunt is unsuccessful because the boar gets away but Ralph is proud that he hit the pig in the snout with a spear. After this failure the boys start a reenactment with Robert, a small boy, acting as the pig. They begin the chant Kill the pig Cut his throat Kill the pig Bash him in and an overwhelming dark desire possesses the boys. This is the final stage before Jacks transition into complete evil.When Jack is angered that the boys do not want him as leader he tr avels to the other part of the beach and forms his own tribe. He informs the tribe that they are going to forget about a so-called beast and hunt. This hunt is an electrifying success. The boys hunted a helpless sow and as the good afternoon wore on, hazy and dreadful with damp heat the sow staggered her way ahead of them, bleeding and mad, and the hunters followed, wedded to her in lust, excited by the long chase and the dropped blood. When they kill the pig there is no twitch of moral sense as Jack has fully transitioned into an evil boy.While the boys are feasting on this pig and celebrating their supremacy Simon is searching for the so-called beast. He runs into the pigs head on a stick, an offering for the beast. The head transforms into the Lord of the Flies (literal translation for Beelzebub, the chief of the devils) and Simon has an imaginary conversation with it. The Lord of the Flies explains that it is part of Simon, part of the boys, part of all men. He is the reason th ings are what they are. He is the demonic essence that is taking over Jack and the other boys in their evilness. Simon discovers that the beast is harmless and he goes running to the boys to share the good news. The boys are starting their terpsichore when Simon runs into the middle of the circle and is killed. Simon becomes the suffering victim of the boys and of Jacks madness.The final and climactic abhorrence is the hunt for Ralph. Jack does not like Ralph because Ralph does not like Jack so Jack convinces the other boys that Ralph is the beast in disguise. Jack had previously explained to the boys that Simon was not really Simon, but the beast in disguise and he had not really been killed. At this point Jack is completely evil, as there is no civilization.In Lord of the Flies Jacks changes into evil prove Goldings theory about the origin of evil. As civilization is destroyed, Jack becomes more and more evil. At the beginning of the book one can see such signs of trouble as his r eaction the failure to kill the pig. Into the middle the conditioning wearing off is rather apparent, as he becomes prone to killing. Finally, by the end Jack is completely evil. It is the end of innocence and the darkness of mans heart.

The nature of crime Essay Example for Free

The nature of detestation EssayThe nature of felonious offense embodies the offences do against the democracy representing society and the population. Within this impression is the operation of principles going to the rights of the victim and the accused in the turn law process.This process encompasses the commission and elements of the crime going to the actus reus (action of the accused), mens rea (intention of the accused) and causal link to make out the crime the venomous investigation by the police the criminal trial process under the adversarial system the modular of proof beyond reasonable doubt and the verdict to sentencing options available to the judiciary. This stomach be illustrated in the persona of R v Munter (2009) NSWSC whilst demonstrating the causation in the death of a man assaulted by Munter acting on the mistaken belief that this man was breaching water restrictions, but showing that his intention to kill was absent whilst his actions contributed t o the outcome. In this lineament, Munter received a custodial sentence for manslaughter.Summary and indictable offencesCriminal conduct is categorised by abstract and indictable offences under the Summary Offences Act 1988 (NSW) and the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) respectively according to their severity. A summary offence is a less serious matter heard in the Local Court ( out front a magistrate generally resulting in a bond, fine or a jail sentence of up to both years.By contrast, indictable offences atomic number 18 to a greater extent serious matters heard at trial in the partition Court (most serious offences of manslaughter, murder and aggravated familiar assault being heard in the commanding Court) hobby a committal hearing in the Local Court and before a judge and jury.Offences squeeze out be committed against batch and property but fundamentally these offences breach the law of the state with sentencing imposed by the state but not necessarily in the interests of the v ictim.From homicide (murder and manslaughter) to, assault (common or aggravated) and sexual assault these can be contrasted with property and scotch offences involving larceny, looting or break and enter or white-collar crimes involvingembezzlement, tax evasion and as can be seen in the case of R v Rivkin (2003) ALR, insider trading in which the accused used confidential stock market information in parity to Qantas sh atomic number 18s for personal gain in which he was sentenced to nine months periodic detention.The different categories of crimeCategories of crime are branded by the type of offence, jurisdiction (NSW or Cth), the seriousness of the offence (summary or indictable) and the parties to a crime.This can embarrass offences against the person which is reflected as being a serious crime (homicide, assault and sexual assault). The case of Boughey v The Queen (1986) where a doctor strangled his wife during a sex game allegedly should have known that the act constituted a reckless indifference to human life and accordingly was convicted for murder clearly demonstrates this category of crime.Offences against the Sovereign refer to the main offences of sedition and treason within this area. The Vietnam contend draft-card burning is an effective example which demonstrates the crime of sedition where thousands of American men protested based on the elaboration of Americas engagement in the Vietnam War.This led to the case of United States v. OBrien where both parties argued before the Supreme Court in relation to the concept of sedition where OBrien was burning his draft-cards at a rally. (Does this have any relation to the Anti-Terrorism Act No.2 (Cth) 2002? and was introduced after 9/11) Economic offences is another area of the criminal law and more than significantly, is the largest area of criminal law as it encompasses most common types of crime.This embroils crimes against property (larceny, robbery and break and enter) white-collar crimes (embezzlement, tax evasion and insider trading and computer offences (hacking, unauthorized accessing, or change of data). The media article Fear in the Fast Lane (ABC, 2009) demonstrates a situation of an scotch offence and more specifically, hacking.It was based on the Alice Springs Turf Club where hackers accessed the online gambling system and brought it down. Main drug related offences include the possession of a prohibited drug use of a prohibited drug cultivation (the produce of plant drugs i.e. cannabis) and the supply of a prohibited drug.Such legislation which has been passed to assist with the enforceability of keeping these types of crimes minimal include the Drug Misuse andTrafficking Act 1985 (NSW) the Summary Offences Act 1988 (NSW) and the Customs Act 1901 (Cth). Driving associated offences are well-nigh of the most commonly committed offences in NSW. Many of these offences will relate to the strict liability offences concept such as speeding.The most common dri ving related offences include exceeding the speed go under driving without a license or while disqualified ignoring road signs and driving above the judicial blood alcohol limit of 0.05. Public order crimes are offences that relate to acts that are deemed to disturb the humankind order in some way i.e. disturbance in open.Some of the most common public order offences can include obscene, indecent or threatening language in public possessing a knife in public (with no reason) obstructing traffic and damaging public fountains or protected places. forward crimes are offences split into two main categories of attempts of an offence and conspiracy.The concept of conspiracy occurs when two or more people plot to commit a crime together. In addition, the failure of an attempted crime can result in the equal possible length of sentence for that particular crime which is demonstrated in Section 344 of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) where a person who attempts an offence can be liable for the penalty. Parties to a crimeThe concept of parties to a crime relates to the fact that other people can be touch on in the act, either before or after the crime. This can effectively be reflected within the exploratory offence of conspiracy.The level of punishment is usually determined by that persons level of involvement in the crime and indeed there are four main categories of parties to a crime which are principal in the first degree (this is the principal offender) principal in the second degree (present at the crime i.e. encourager) accessory before the fact (someone who helped before the crime) accessory after the fact (someone who helped after the crime i.e. driving a getaway car).A range of factors that may lead to criminal behaviourA range of situational and kindly crime prevention techniques There are many significant factors which affect criminal behaviour. The scientific study of crime and criminal behaviour is known as criminology. This covers many aspects of why peo ple might become criminals.Firstly, the psychologicalfactor is relevant during the drug rehabilitation process and particular sentencing programs. Secondly, hearty groups that people associate with will often influence a persons attitude and views of unobjectionable behaviour. For example, an abusive home environment may impact on ones future life.Thirdly, the economic factor is extremely significant as people from disadvantaged backgrounds (i.e. Sydneys western suburbs) are more likely to commit crimes. This relates to the impact of poor education and lack of skills. Fourthly, politically, offences against the sovereign or against the state are likely to have some political factors influencing their commission. For Example the G8 Summit protest or the 2009 Copenhagen Climate swop Conference are both a major influence.Essentially, it is vital to understand the factors and motivations behind crime as it related to the possible impact of crime prevention (situational and social). S ituational crime prevents usually involves one of the two following approaches firstly, planning and architectural design, which focuses upon the influence of physical environments upon crime and seconly, focused (situational) approaches, which rest on rational pick theory.Basically, situational crime prevention aims to make it more difficult for criminals to carry out a crime and therefore stop the crime before it is committed. Social crime prevention relates to the prevention of some of the social and economic factors that might contribute to a person committing an offence.This includes the prevention of a poor home environment/parenting social and economic disadvantage poor school attendance early contact with the police and other authorities. Fundamentally, it is increasingly being fixed as such youth programs are run to teach dispute settlement skills and social skills that will encourage potential offenders to make better choices about their actions and their futures.

Consumer Ethics Essay Example for Free

Consumer Ethics EssayIn this paper I will demonstrate my opinion on the thought that some marketers say that targeting any group of consumers who are willing and suitable to buy a product is simply good merchandising. I will discuss why I believe that this is a good marketing technique. I will also discuss whether or not I say it is important for college students to study the thing of consumer moral philosophy.Good Marketing?I believe that it is a clever marketing technique to target any group of consumers who are willing and able to purchase a product even if it is fatty foods and soft drinks being marketed towards children. The understanding that I believe this is because it is the marketers job for a company to get consumers to purchase the product that they are advertising. Although it may be morally wrong to target children for products like candy, they are most likely the group who will each be purchasing this product or influencing their parents to purchase it. This is why I believe it is a smart strategy for marketers, although it may be slightly questionable.Consumer EthicsI believe that it is important for college students to study consumer ethics. The reason that I believe this is because in order for us to fully mature as adults I think that we need to learn how to be completely ethical in all aspects of life, including being a consumer. Consumer ethics can teach us about software piracy, which I believe is a huge fuss with many college students who illegally download music and films. I believe that this can help us in our lives so it is important for college students to learn about consumer ethics. This is why I think college students should study consumer ethics.ConclusionIn this paper I discussed my feelings on two different topics. The first topic was about questionable marketing tactics, which I believe can be effective and is a good way to market. The second topic I expressed my views on was consumer ethics, and whether or not college students should study it. The main reason that I verbalize college students should study consumer ethics is because of music piracy and how popular it is among college students. These are my feelings on these two important subjects.BibliographySchiffman, Leon G., Leslie lazar Kanuk, and Joseph Wisenblit. Consumer Behavior. UpperSaddle River Prentice-Hall, 2010.

Wholeness of society Essay Example for Free

Wholeness of society examineCarlyle uses repetition, morals, and Biblical allusions to point his arguments towards philosophers, stressing the salutary benefits of work, and his very positive attitude of fending of idleness with the weapon he denounces the rubble of hu public nature, praising work and conformity through his use of imagery. Innate opus is portrayed as the chaotic jungles of the world, dangerously crouching toward the desert insanity. Though in our present day, man is given his individualism, Carlyle describes it as a curse.It is pure torment which leads to worse unquenchable thirst to be satisfied. Only by the rich transaction of society will man escape his sorrows and despair. Human nature was not built to work for itself aspirations for its testify personal gladness. On the contrary, Carlyle sees the selfish individual draining off the sour festering water into his get corrupted soul. The idea of materialistic and fortuitous gain is made implausible as th e rupture caused in ones life is made over by absurd consequences.These are the means of redemption as wholesome as conformity. The world as one has created a necessity to reach and ultimately obtain admittedly satisfaction Carlyle makes this clearly obvious that no one can be oblivious to this global aspiration. organize itself is elevated to the level of divinity, as it is called sacred and the only means to true happiness. Human nature is cognize to form a kinship to the prosperity and comfort that results from wealth, yet none seek work with the extravagance and passion it relies upon.Man is born to work, thus any contrast leads to perpetual despair. At birth man is ignorant but learns that through labor and the conformity into reality, man perfects himself. The illusion of Christs resurrection is made through the sermon-like verbalism for it was been written that the purifying fire at work will only free the soul from their pity. jocund is he who holds a life purpose and becomes noble towards the standards of society for only then can man become pure and stable.Through work, individualism is thus destroyed and ignoble the tyrant. For only them will acquaintance be held good and finally contain the harvest of darkness will bring more satisfaction than the heaps of wisdom, for the life will only be filled with despair. Through and abundant array of scriptural allusions and the descriptive imagery to portray the spoils of individualism and the consequences of ignorance, Carlyle praises conformity and those whose life purpose is to benefit the wholeness of society.

Mrs Morel, and How She Ruined Lives in Sons and Lovers Essay Example for Free

Mrs Morel, and How She Ruined Lives in Sons and Lovers EssayGertrude Morel, a mother whose genitive love for her sons hinders their ability to establish fulfilling affinitys with other women, and her detest of her husband closes him out of their lives. Gertrude piece of tail non carry on to stick out her children live the life sentence that her husband Walter does so she makes sure that they detest him, especially William and capital of Minnesota. Mrs Morel did ruin triple lives in this novel, Walters, Williams, and Pauls.Walter was a simple miner with simple needs and no motivation or pauperization to advance, when he and Gertrude first met he had thick flowing black hair and a full rim and he also laughed a lot suggesting a happy, relaxed figure. He also portrayed himself as intrepid and a senior in the mines making a good stable wage, owning his own house and everything in it as well. Gertrude finds her self strangely attracted, despite being described as opposite to her new plant love.They rush into marriage but the lust that they had soon fades as the lies that were told are uncovered. Gertrude starts to despise the man she unite because he lied to her and goes and spends the m atomic number 53y he makes on alcohol instead of on his family. When William is born Gertrude smothers him in love and tries her hardest to keep him away from her husband which makes Walter jealous and angry with her that he can not scram the same connection with the child that she does. Gertrude does this with all the children that she and Walter have.The first boys are so enveloped by their mother that they can not hold a stable relationship when they grow older because their mother wants to keep them for herself, ..William and Paul Morel are unable to love when they come to manhood, because their dominant mother holds them back, so that a split occurs surrounded by body and soul their sweethearts getting the former their mother getting the latter while the b oys themselves are tattered inwardly in the course of the struggle. (Spilka, 51)William is the first born son and so he in the whiz that Gertrude idolizes, he is perfect to her and she wants him to be her little boy forever. When he grows older William soon gets a descent in London and moves away leaving his mother and family behind. William send his mother a letter heavy her closely his new job and his new found girl-friend whom he will be engaged to. William and his affiance come to visit his family at Christmas, they seem less than impressed with her and her lifestyle especially Gertrude because she treats his family as though they are somehow inferior to her. This does not discourage William to stop loving her. William becomes sick of her when they return to see his family on a vacation, his mother has the same feelings toward her, but he refuses to call off the marriage seeing how far they had come.Later in the year William dies of pneumonia with his mother by his side. Paul is a less crucial to his mother until William dies, then he becomes her favourite. Paul is more frail than his brother was, and he is very aesthetical rather than athletic. As Paul grows in sight of his mother her love for him grows stronger because of his stature, and he grows in a way that he cares of what other people feel, especially his mother. He develops an Oedipus Complex towards his mother. Oedipus complex makes mother a lover of her son. During childhood it seems normal and acceptable but it is abnormal and almost absurd, when he grows up, to keep such(prenominal) feelings. He will surely have no real love for a cleaning lady and no marriage in his life and is doomed to have a tragic ending with his love affairs and to suffer spiritually the rest of his life when his mother is gone. (Wang)When Paul is older he starts a relationship with a muliebrity named Miriam who wants him to love her as she loves him, she wants his soul, for him to love her with every ounce of his being as she does. Gertrude sees this and feels peril by her because Pauls soul should belong to her, she believes Miriam can have him physiological but not spiritually. Gertrude confronts her son about this matter and Paul tells her that he does not love Miriam, that he loves only his mother and no one else.When Paul breaks things of with Miriam and starts a relationship with Clara, Gertrude is content with them together because Clara is only interested in a physical relationship. When the relationship with Clara fades Miriam tries her luck with Paul again, she says that she wants to marry him but Paul is so fixated with his love for his mother that when he feels the slightest feelings for Miriam he feels as though he is betraying her. He declines the proposal from Miriam and goes back to his mother.Gertrude Morel was a strong woman and mother but stubborn with her children in a way that she would want them to only look to her and not to walter, no matter what the situation w as. Throughout the novel Gertrude ruins three lives, that of her her husbands, and her two eldest sons. Her husband Walter was not the best man for her but he did try to be a father to his children, but his wife made it almost impossible for him to do so.He is ostracized from the family throughout the novel, his life is ruined because Gertrude made him freehanded the only family he had before he had a chance of being a part of it. Her eldest son and first born child William, is so fixated on his mothers approval that he learns to hate the woman that he will be married to, that marriage would become like his parents. In that way Williams life is ruined by his own mother. Her third child and second son Paul can not have a stable relationship with women because he loves his mother too much, his life is ruined because erstwhile his mother is gone he is left with nothing and still can not hold a relationship together.ReferencesSpilka, Mark. Counterfeit Loves Twentieth Century Interpre tations of Sons and Lovers. A Collection of Critical Essays Ed.Judith Farr, Prentice-Hall, INC., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 1970. 51-63. Print.Wang, Yi . Should I Use Underlining or Italics? College of Foreign Languages, Hebei University, China . ,29 March 2001. Web. 21 November 2012. http//en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-HBDS200103029.htm.

Hong Kong Peoples Social Values Of Welfare Sociology Essay

Hong Kong Peoples Social machinate Of Welfare Sociology EssayTopic Critically examine the cultivation and mixtures of brotherly valuates of upbeat held by Hong Kong wad before and after 1997. What are the factors affecting the changes?Welfare is all collective interventions to meet real needs of the individual and/or to serve the wider interests of familiarity may now be broadly group into categories of wellbeing (Titmuss, 1959). The cultivation in the accessible values of eudaimonia has always been changing throughout the centuries, curiously the 20th century. In traditional Chinese society, nation used to believed that favorable welfare, or fuk lei, was given over by kind-hearted philanthropists in society (N. chow chow, 1994, p.325). In the early 20th century, the archetype of hearty welfare was as yet rattling weak among Hong Kong nation. Majority of welfare services were provided by non- governing organizations before 1965 (W. S. eats, 1993, p. 41). Th e situation changed after the publication of the fresh paper of the affectionate welfare in 1965. Together with the rise of loving worker, more(prenominal) people overturn well-disposed welfare is part of their cultivated rights in the pursuit decades. In 1997, the change in sovereignty of Hong Kong and the Asian monetary crisis brought a solid impact on the social values of welfare. In the following paragraphs, I will briefly discuss the development of social welfare in Hong Kong and the corresponding social values of welfare, particularly the changes before and after 1997. As will be argued, there are some(prenominal) long term and short term factors that led the changes. The former would be the increasing consideration of civilised rights and the latter would be the Asian financial crisis in 1997, the change in sovereignty of Hong Kong and the publication of all-inclusive Social Security Assistance (CSSA) Review.In the early 20th century, studyity of people conside red welfare was given by kind-hearted philanthropists in society. As Hong Kong was a colony of Britain at that clip, the colonial organisation put their focuses on protecting the Britishs interest, particularly the British merchants. Hence, the living environs and welfare of local Chinese were non refer by the colonial government unless it interfere the interest of British. With this colonial background, local Chinese rationalized the concept of welfare would not be given by the colonial government. The Chinese merchants used their wealth to establish and assert their reputations and jotership lineaments through acts of charity (Leung, 1996, p.3). They set up organizations and gave welfare to the locals. Among these organizations, Tung Wah Hospital was the most illustrious charitable organization which catered the medical services and welfare needs to the locals. Apart from these organizations, churches and clans man association would overly give welfare to the locals too. In the post World War II period, the situation had a more or less change. In the post war period, a large number of non-government or voluntary welfare organizations were set up in Hong Kong. It is important to note that most of these welfare organizations had their parent-bodies overseas. A typical example of these organizations would be the Hong Kong Red Cross. During this emergency period, the internationally-linked welfare organization had probably done much more than the government in meeting the welfare needs of people (N. Chow, 1994, p.324). Although the concept of welfare is given by kind-hearted philanthropists was weaken, the majority of the Chinese in Hong Kong are steady unable to wipe away the traditional notions of welfare and accept the sophisticated idea that it should be the responsibility of the state to provide the necessity social welfare services (N. Chow, 1994, p. 325). Meanwhile, a large proportion of population was refugee from mainland China (Due to the civil war in China). Part of them considered Hong Kong is there short shelter simply not their home. Hence, welfare development would not be their consideration as they evaluate to leave Hong Kong soon. These factors made there were only little pressure groups would fight for the rights for the locals in that period.The situation tho changed after 1965. In 1965, the colonial government published the White report on social welfare. N.Y. Chow (1993) suggests that to be exact, the beginning of social welfare policy of Hong Kong was after the publication of the first White root word on social welfare in 1965 (p.41). The White paper was the first government document that discusses social welfare policy in Hong Kong. It explained the welfare development and integrated the experiences from the development. Also, it gives the stands of colonial government toward social welfare policy and reasons that made the government cannot implement wide social policy in Hong Kong. Although the W hite Paper has been blamed for lacking in-depth discussion on the blueprint of social welfare development and the foreseeable challenges, but this White paper gives a foundation for the further development of social welfare placement (W. S. Chow, 1993). The concept of social welfare and government were no longer dissevering like the past. More people started to integrate social welfare into the role of government.The most rapid change was found in the 70s. There were cardinal major factors that led the change, the Big Bang of social policy and the rise of social worker. The Big Bang of social policy was initiated by the 25th governor of Hong Kong, Murray MacLehose. After MacLehose take office the governor in 1972, he had a strong sense of responsibility towards social welfare, under his influence, amendment of social welfare policy was necessary (W. S. Chow, 1993, p. 52). Apart from it, the increasing social problems (i.e. the riot in 1966 and 1967, Corruption) led the demand for governments involvement in social welfare further maturationd. These factors urged the publication of the second White Paper of social welfare in 1973. The withdraw of the White Paper was giving a five year plan of social welfare development and dividing the responsibility in providing social welfare between government and voluntary organizations. The aspects of social welfare in the five year plan included education, housing, medical service, social allowance, youth services etc. The comprehensive expansion of welfare services increased the involvement of people in social welfare system. The value of welfare would not be given by the colonial government was further weakening in this period.Apart from the Big Bang of social policy, the rise of social worker also led to the significant change in social value of welfare. The rise of social worker could be traced back to the professionalization of social work and the implement of professional training at the University of Hong Kon g and the Chinese University of Hong Kong in the mid-1960s. In the 1960s, Fabian Socialism was the most fashionable approach taught in the social work schools of the two universities (N. Chow, 1994, p.327). Equality, freedom and bon ton are the central values of Fabian Socialism. The social work students in 60s and 70s were strongly influenced by these values. They had a strong sense of working towards a more equal and justice society. Hence, when the students became social workers in society, they would gauge to advocate policies that achieve to these two ideals. More people would consider welfare as a kernel to achieve an equal society. Meanwhile, the young social workers at that time also stressed on civil rights. They believed that social welfare is one the important parts of civil rights. When they graduated, they would educate and advocate the public to act up their civil rights through different social actions. As a result, under this influence, it led to the rise of the awareness of welfare system as rights enjoyed by citizen.Another significant change of social values of welfare could be found in 1997. The major factor that led to the change is the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997. Before the crisis, the economy in Hong Kong was at boom. Majority of people were actively put in stead securities industry and stock market. At that time, people emphasized on material values and short-term time horizon. Material values are the major criterion used to evaluate the worth of things and people (C.K. Wong, K. L. Chow K.Y. Wong, 2001, p.68). Meanwhile, majority of Chinese investor were looking for the maximum benefit in the shortest period of time.Topley states that many Chinese still prefer to invest in non-industrial piazza and trade because of the relatively quicker return of capital and profits.When investing in industry, the overwhelming desire of investors is to look for quick profits by whatever means bribe themselves as attractive in the short r un rather than to look for opportunity for starting long investment. (as cited in Lau, 1982, p.70)As both of the property market and stock market were so flourished, the economic environment enabled people to achieve the above goals simultaneously. This in turn led Hong Kong became one of the wealthiest cities in Asia. The living step in Hong Kong was one of the highest in Hong Kong history in the early mid 1990s. As most people could sustain their life in the market, they put less consideration on the welfare system. At that time, people would consider social welfare system was only for those who were in need in society, like one-time(a) and disabled people. In other words, despite the underprivileged and the corresponding pressure group, majority in society would not care about the welfare system as they believed they could achieve self-sustentions in market. In general, social welfare development was overwhelmed by economic development at that period. further a significant ch ange was provoked by the 1997 financial crisis. A great depression in both stock market and property market was provoked by the crisis. Lots of people were bankrupted because of the suddenly fall in the property market. Also, a massive unemployment was accompanied with the economic downturn, particularly in the financial sector. The decline in use led to further depression in other non-financial sector. The financial crisis brought two major impacts on the welfare system. First, it led to a significant fall in the tax income of the government. Second, more people fall into the safety net of the welfare system. In other words, it led an increase in demand for welfare services. Simultaneously, it would increase the welfare expenditure of the government. As these two factors happened at the same time, this brought heavy pressure on the financial budget of the government.At the same period, the sovereignty of Hong Kong changed back to China. One of the problems that foresee by the gov ernment is the increase in immigrants from China. In the review report of CSSA that published by the Social Welfare Department, it suggests that the increase in mainland immigrants would top out to an increase practical application for CSSA. It implies that the government believes that a number of mainland immigrants would rely on the welfare system for livelihood. Before the publication of the report, the government already fete this ideology through news and government press. At that time, the government disclosed different inglorious cases of CSSA by the new immigrants. This made the public also be believed the new immigrants would bring pressure to Hong Kong welfare system.The economic downturn, mainland immigrants, together with the foreseeable aging population, these made the government believed a review for welfare system is necessary. As the government wanted to tighten the budget for social welfare expenditure, the publication of the review report was a means of governm ent to the public support. This report brought a momentous impact on the social value of welfare. In particular, there were more people believed that abusive cases are common in the welfare system after the publication of the report. For example, the report suggested the level of benefits for four-person nursing home is high. The average monthly payment for a four-person household increased in 120% from 1980s to 1990s. But the median wage of workers only increased 41%. The government suggested that this would create disincentive to work and lead to long term dependency on welfare system. According to a survey, 36.4% of respondents believed that the increasing number of CSSA cases because the criteria for application is too lenient (C.K. Wong, K. L. Chow K.Y. Wong, 2001, p.5).Although the way and method that government used to interpret and present the statistics had curve and hidden agenda, majority still believed that CSSA was breeding lazy people. Since CSSA has a strict income test and asset test, statistics of venture Fraud and Abuse was minimal. But the mass media created a negative image of CSSA recipients as they only insurance coverage fraud and abusive cases. This, in turn, created a strong labeling effect on CSSA recipients. In a survey, 40.8% of respondents concur that CSSA recipients are not deserved to be abet (C.K. Wong, K. L. Chow K.Y. Wong, 2001, p.9). This reflected the fact that CSSA recipients were strike offd.Apart from stigmatization of CSSA recipients, the role of welfare that interpreted by the public is also worth to discuss. Compare with giving direct welfare, people considered that self-reliance would be more appropriate. In a survey, 70.3% of respondents believed that people should satisfy their needs through self-reliance. On the other hand, only 8.6% respondents believed that people should satisfy their needs through social welfare (C.K. Wong, K. L. Chow K.Y. Wong, 2001, p.30). The development of the concept self-reliance could be explained by the Utilitarianistic Familism. Utilitarianistic Familism is social values of the Chinese people in Hong Kong (Lau, 1982). Chinese people would put the interest of family member in a higher priority over others. The adhere of the family members was strong. In addition to the extended family structure in the early mid 20th century, people would not look for help from government rather, they would look for help from family members. As most problems could be solved without the help of government, it contributed to the development a sense of self-reliance. This concept is particularly prevailing value hold by the older generation (i.e. Those who born in the Post War Baby Boom).From the above discussion, we can see two sets of contradictory social values of welfare have developed in Hong Kong. On one hand, more people consider social welfare as their civil rights. On the other hand, people stigmatize some welfare recipients. It makes the rights of accessing welfare become alienated from the civil rights. These two contradictory values lead to different conflicts in society. Social workers, pressure groups and non-government organizations are striving for destigmatization of the welfare recipients. Lots of social actions like social demonstration and public forum are used to promote this civil rights. But at the same time, the government is attempting to marginalize the welfare recipients in order to reduce the welfare expenditure. From time to time, the government would publish the fraud and abusive case in CSSA. It seems that it wants to remind people that abusive cases are still common in welfare system. These, in turn, led to never-ending debates between the two interest groups.As seen in above discussion, it is hard to find a consensus towards the value of welfare in Hong Kong. The historical background, individualized experiences and education would have a strong influence on the development of our value. But it seems that government wo uld spread concepts and ideas that deviated from the principles of social welfare equality and equity, because its political agenda. Whether the ultimate goal of government is bring a stable and harmonious society in Hong Kong is questionable.