Assumptions Essay Essay Example

Assumptions Essay Paper Stereotype reflects the perceptual experience one has of other persons based on their different physical abilities, emotional visual aspect, spiritual, cultural temperament, sexual orientation or ethnicity without cognizing anything personal about that individual and these positions are frequently connected to experiences, observations or other influences such as the media. I will foremost sketch below some of the grounds why it is of import to avoid doing premises based on stereotypes when supplying attention for person and so subsequently on demo how single attention workers can guard against making this. Making premises, based on stereotypes, when supplying attention for person can hold a negative consequence on the quality of attention, as illustrated in the instance of Mhairi who suffered from a shot and needed a wheelchair but opted alternatively for personal attention at place. The attention director, Stuart, who did the appraisal could hold found out about her sexual penchant had he non assumed because she was married that her relationship with spouse Gillian was heterosexual. This would hold allowed more sensitiveness to be shown by the carers when go toing to her personal demands. Assumptions Essay Sample Effects Of Making Assumptions Based On Stereotypes Social Work Essay Effects Of Making Assumptions Based On Stereotypes Social Work Essay Effects Of Making Assumptions Based On Stereotypes Social Work Essay The stereotyped premise that disabled people can non pass on would hold the effect of them non being listened to decently and this would deny them the right to allow services and holding a voice. This would impact on their individualism and personal demands, thereby impacting the quality of attention being provided. As one participant wheelchair user pointed out in â€Å" It ‘s like when you go to the infirmary or the physicians, if you go with anybody because you ‘re in a wheelchair they do n’t turn to you, they look over you and that truly infuriates me † . This underscores the demand to talk straight with the service users instead than doing premises that they are incapacitated or non capable of discoursing their lovingness demands. We will write a custom essay sample on Assumptions Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Assumptions Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Assumptions Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Showing narrow-mindedness because an premise is made based on stereotype, is being bias and this was highlighted in Gypsy Travellers report about bias within the wellness attention service. It can forestall Gypsies from deriving entree to allow medical services such as the barrier presented by a receptionist â€Å" the receptionist are harder to acquire past aˆÂ ¦ I think they ‘re making the physician a favor aˆÂ ¦ ‘I did something good today, I kept the Gypsies off ‘ . Another stereotyped premise illustrated in is that people with mental wellness jobs are ‘prone to force ‘ – such was the instance of Simon Jackson. However, he was merely making out for aid and frequently misunderstood, as he was leery of any ‘authority figure ‘ . Making stereotyped premises can forestall people having appropriate attention and if a carer has a damaging position it could farther perplex the affair and deter users from accessing the services. For illustration, as given in, a handicapped sapphic felt that she was seen as someway ‘unnatural ‘ or unnatural. However, when these beliefs are carried through, it becomes favoritism. An illustration of this provided in K101 Block 3 Unit 10 where council estate occupants were seen as ‘failures ‘ and non interested in academic success. In supplying attention for person in a local community, attention workers should recognize and value diverseness, that is, people are different and should be treated otherwise but reasonably to avoid inequality and favoritism. Therefore, it should non be assumed that supplying personal attention for an Asiatic female would be the same or similar to that for a white European female. Care workers need to be culturally sensitive and take into history the differences in people ‘s life styles and household relationships. As in people with speech hindrances are sometimes stereotyped as being deaf and are frequently shouted at when pass oning and this should non be declarative of all people with such a disablement. When supplying attention for person with this disablement, a carer needs to be more informed about that individual ‘s capablenesss before prosecuting to avoid any communicating barriers or go forthing that individual feeling demoralised. It may sometimes be necessary to utilize stereotypes and do premises as it can move as a usher to assist in decision-making, such as when forming a societal event for older people in a attention place – as this could be the mark audience and supply the chance to provide to their specific demands. Individual attention workers can guard against doing premises based on stereotypes by being more tolerant and do every attempt to understand that individual better. The attention worker should happen out what assist a handicapped individual demands alternatively of presuming what they think they need based on old experiences or observations. It is of import for attention workers to avoid being condescending when handicapped people are accompanied by their attentions but should pass on straight with the handicapped individuals. If the attention worker is non able to understand person with a hearing damage, they could inquire the individual to state them how they prefer to pass on and non feign to hold understood them when they have non or they could go familiar with that individual ‘s method of communicating and happen ways of maintaining that communicating traveling with AIDSs such as Mankaton or other similar mark linguistic communication. It is indispensable to place that the re are different spiritual, cultural and other peculiar demands of people, hence care workers should besides see service users as persons and seamster attention harmonizing to their single penchants so that appropriate services can be provided. Care workers need to develop a cognition and apprehension of how the jurisprudence impacting disablement and favoritism as the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 protects disabled people and does non merely use to people who have a physical disablement, ocular or hearing damage but can besides cover people with learning disablements. In add-on, they should besides be familiar with the Race Relations Act 1976, as it is improper to know apart against a individual on land of race, coloring material, cultural beginning or nationality. An illustration of this was demonstrated in with an history given by Roz, a white nurse when a patient ‘s married woman made loud racialist comments that ‘she thought it was gross outing that her hubby should be in a bay with three black work forces on their ain ‘ which offended the work forces. Roz did non conspire with this racialist position by altering their bays but alternatively left the work forces to screen it out amongst themselve s, after deriving their positions. In decision, an premise based on stereotypes when supplying attention for person should be avoided as it could be construed as being damaging or prejudiced and is likely to hold a negative Impact on the service user. Individual attention workers can guard against making this by recognizing the diverse ‘global small town ‘ we live in and be respectful of other people ‘s cultural, spiritual beliefs and ethnicity every bit good as any authorities statute law associating to disablement and favoritism.

David Hume- Aesthetics Essay Example

David Hume David Hume- Aesthetics Paper David Hume- Aesthetics Paper David Hume is one of the most significant thinkers among the Enlightenment. He is motivated by the question what is beauty, and how certain responses to artwork reflect objectivity. Hume’s essay of 1757,â€Å"Of the Standard of Taste† elegantly describes examples of the tradition of aesthetic judgment The growth of scientific knowledge influenced a sense of general optimism among Enlightenment thinkers. This sense of optimism in result called for a more critical use of human intellect. By overturning long established dogmas, people scrutinized the very prerogatives of reason in relation to political and religious institutions. During this same time, theorists were trying to take account of all the various creative activities that were occurring such as poetry, music, dance, architecture, and sculpture etc. They generalized them into one category of â€Å"fine arts† or â€Å"beaux arts† assuming all activities were unified by the common function and purpose; pleasure. Hume devotes his aesthetic philosophy to describe and analyze art and taste within the field of criticism. clea Humes essay â€Å"Standard of Taste† is divided into four major parts. First part compares the two views of artistic values. He supports the idea of common sense what it comes to judging artwork. It seems from this philosophy that no response to artwork can be wrong because personal taste varies throughout people and therefore cannot be dismissed. Hume rejects the conclusion that beauty simply equates with the sentiment of pleasure received by the object or thing. This is because he says sentiment â€Å"exists merely in the mind† which makes no individual response more superior than another. The Second stage of Humes argument The third stage that Hume discusses in his essay (17 through 27) outlines what he believes constitutes a true judge of art and what may be required to improve ones own standard for judging art. â€Å"Strong sense, united to delicate sentiment, improved by practice, perfected by comparison, and cleared of all prejudice. † These specific factors in his mind would result in an individual worthy of a true judgment of at least a certain kind of artwork. In the fourth and concluding stage Hume stems from the third in the concept of who is the true standard. While seeking this specific critic of beauty one has to also take into account peculiar circumstances that may effect the experience and overall judgment of works. Circumstances can arise from unavoidable prejudices, which even the best critics cant avoid. Factors of natural differences such as age can result in generational differences, as well as cultural biases. A critics moral outlook constitutes as another circumstance that may complicate the judgment of certain kinds of works. Moderate moralism, Hume advocates as the best position to view works in because it confine circumstances where a work will be blemished by improper moral attitudes. David Hume was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on May 7, 1711. He was a philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist. He is regarded as one of the most important thinkers of Western philosophy and the Enlightenment. He is known especially for his philosophical empiricism or sense derived knowledge and skepticism and also for his influence on another important thinker during the Enlightenment, Emanuel Kant. Hume constantly tried to describe how the mind works in regards to knowledge and how the mind works. Experience meant a lot to Hume because he thought it served as the basis of his theory of knowledge. Hume attended the University of Edinburgh at the extraordinarily young age of 10 or 12. At first his family and him thought that a career in law was what his future may entail due to a family tradition on both sides. Yet, later he had become inspired by the different pursuits of philosophy. After a nervous breakdown and a few years to recover in 1729, he tried a job in a merchants office in 1734. He then came to a turning point in his life where he retired to France to spend the majority of his time studying and writing. During this time spent Hume produced a writing which was separated into three books called A Treatise of Human Nature. These books was the first of Hume’s attempts at a full fledged philosophical endeavor. It was certainly his most thoroughly written product of his thoughts mostly explaining his theories about mans process of thought and knowledge. During his younger years, Hume was earning enough money to gain leisure for his philosophical studies. In this time he wrote, rewrote, and added to the book, Treatise. It was in this set of three books that Hume developed his mature thought about the nature of reasoning in regards to fact and experience. The growth of scientific knowledge influenced a sense of general optimism among Enlightenment thinkers. This sense of optimism in result called for a more critical use of human intellect. By overturning long established dogmas, people scrutinized the very prerogatives of reason in relation to political and religious institutions. Hume was the first philosopher of the post medieval world to reformulate the skepticism of the ancients. (Cranston) His conclusion that man is more a creature of senses and practical sentiment or taste than that of reason guided many prominent philosophers to follow. Hume’s general analysis of measuring the aesthetic experience of an object or thing is generated from a personal taste. He believes that there is no wrong evaluative response to a work of art. No reaction or opinion can be dismissed simply because it maybe disfavored by the majority. If something is beautiful to someone then this fact cannot be argued or judged upon by another. Of course, this philosophy comes with certain limitations and specifications determining who is worthy of true judgment of works according to David Hume. In Hume’s essay he outlines what people can do to improve one’s taste and what kind of qualities must be instilled to qualify as a true judge of at least some kinds of works of art. Five qualities, Hume says, would qualify for this job. â€Å"Strong sense, united to delicate sentiment, improved by practice, perfected by comparison, and cleared of all prejudice†. These conditions he believes need to be evident in order to achieve a more qualified personal taste towards a specific kind of work. Even with the best critics there can be certain complicating circumstances that can interfere with judgment. Hume believes these kinds of unavoidable prejudices come from a matter of moral outlook. Bias that comes from individual morality varies greatly and Hume thinks that this can be a huge flaw when it comes to a persons judgment of work. Hume advocates a position of moderate moralism when it comes to â€Å"the natural boundaries of vice and virtue†. This way the works being exposed to the individual judge will not be blemished by overt premonitions.

Sports Theory Lesson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sports Theory Lesson - Essay Example Students to learn about health and fitness of the human body To know and understand the working of the various systems of the body and their correlation To understand how to take care of the human body and how to restore vitality of the human body White board Charts and presentation slides Students to learn what sport testing is all about and the various ways it helps in effective sport competition Students will look into the science behind training. Students will also learn how to optimise their training time and exercises Students will be able to understand how the body functions at different levels of exercise. The students will also establish their real and optimal training zones Internet Interactive white board Laboratory Learners will be able to identify common sporting injuries and prevention techniques. Students will learn to identify and categorise sport injuries. Students will also look into preventive measures that can be adopted to minimize the risk of injury during spor ts. The students will also learn how to deal with injuries sustained during sports both psychologically and physically All learners will be able to identify common types of injury and categorise them as per severity and recurrence. The students will in addition be able to identify ways to reduce injuries during preparation, while playing and in between sporting activities. Internet Interactive white board Research analysis

Plato's View of Immortality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Plato's View of Immortality - Essay Example The afterlife has been thought of as the connection between the present life and memories and the life of the being after the physical death. In religious circles, each religion has its own view and belief on these issues. There are those that uphold the belief that life continues into the afterlife and does not end even at death. Persons professing secular beliefs also have views on the afterlife (Corcoran 7). The materialists, for instance, believe the soul does not live on after death and thus perishes. This is because, in their view, life is a function of the organism. In pantheism, the belief is that the individual is absorbed and transformed into an infinite being. In the East, the belief is, however, different from the views held by other people elsewhere. It is believed that the soul of an individual, upon death, undergoes transmigration and animates humans or even animals. It means that the soul comes back to life but in a different form resembling another human being or the body an animal, and usually lower animals. There is also the belief that the soul of an individual undergoes the process of metamorphosis and its condition is improved. The history of the concept of death and immortality or the afterlife goes back from the time of Before Christ (BC). Different countries in ancient times had already developed views and beliefs about immortality. Egypt, for instance, had a rich belief in the afterlife. The pharaohs were buried with their property, mostly gold, and their servants. They were believed to continue ruling their subjects even in death. The Egyptians also offered sacrifices and offerings to the spirits of the dead. They also carried out proper funeral rights and embalmed or mummified the bodies of the departed. In India, the convictions of the afterlife were also there. They believed in Pantheism or the absorption of the soul into an infinite being. The belief of reincarnation also emerged in India. In reincarnation, a soul is transformed i nto other human beings or animals, but of a lower form. The doctrine of karma is also upheld among the Indians. It states that the human soul continues to exist through re-incarnations and depends on the past doings of the individual. Buddhists hold the belief that the soul is liberated from pain and labor and rests quietly. Therefore, it does not die or vanishes. This belief is found in the theory of Nirvana. In China, the belief of immortality also exists as evidenced by the act of helping the spirits of the dead through sacrifices. However, the Jews, as found in Judaism, did not believe in a future life. In Christianity, the belief is also strongly upheld and is supported by the Christian faith. Christians believe that the functions of the body cease upon death and that the body will resurrect (Corcoran 70). Having looked at the historical beliefs of the concept of immortality, we now look at Plato’s views of the same. Plato was a renowned scholar of ancient Greece and mad e enormous informed contributions to the different disciplines including geography and philosophy. He was a student of Socrates, another famous Greek thinker and philosopher. Plato was a believer in immortality. In philosophy, Plato’s views and teachings about immortality and the afterlife are found in his writings, which include the â€Å"meno†, the â€Å"Gorgias†, and the â€Å"Republic† (Wagner 15). Plato’s view on immortality is unique and differs significantly from other beliefs about the same. The soul, in Plato’

National Westminster Bank Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

National Westminster Bank - Case Study Example NatWest could have also responded swiftly and effectively as rivals such Barclays and Lloyds TBS had done so with the sweeping changes brought about by Internet-enabled financial transactions to the banking industry. By the 1990s, NatWest's traditional bank branch practices such as mortgage and savings faced stiff competition from new comers such as Egg and Virgin, upstart retailers and supermarket banks which rode the wave of the financial services revolution. The globalization of financial transactions has also partly driven the mergers in the banking industry - making big domestic banks such as NatWest unable to compete in the new financial landscape. By the time NatWest made its ill-fated foray into bancassurance (an untested recipe in the U.K.) via a bid for the insurance and investment firm Legal and General in early September 1999, the market has made a clear judgment that the bank didn't cut the investors' approval of its management. The steep fall in NatWest's stock thereaft er only revealed its vulnerability for a takeover. Right until the very end when RBS has won the bid against the BS in February 2000, NatWest refused to give in, insisting that a takeover would not add value to shareholders and would put the much smaller bank in danger of overstretching its finances.

Culture and Public Relations: Links and Implications

Culture and Public Relations: Links and Implications Public relations can be described as an industry which builds bridges and maintain relationships with an organization and its intended public. At its very core, public relations it about connecting people, making it a very human oriented industry. Because it is so human oriented, it results in a PR person having to interact with many people, who may come from several different cultures. Culture, as explained by Thwaites, is the ensemble of social processes by which meanings are produced, circulated, exchanged (Thwaites, Davis, Mules, 1994). In short, it is simply the production of meanings by people. It is especially important for PR activity in terms of its role in the meaning-making process. Culture is multi-discursive and can be contested. It is also dynamic and historical. This means that culture is not stagnant and can evolve over time. This essay seeks to explore the relationship between culture and public relations in depth, especially the importance of intercultural competence in relation to a PR practitioner’s work. In order for a PR practitioner to properly carry out their work, cultural research is essential. To do so, they can adopt the use of anthropology and ethnography. According to the American Anthropological Association (n.d.), anthropology is the study of humans, whether past or present. Sociocultural anthropology explores the social patterns and practices across different cultures, especially how people live, organize, govern and create meaning. Traditionally, the anthropology approach treats culture as predictive, static and a casual variable (Bardhan Weaver, 2010). However, it is still useful to examine cultures in different contexts as they offer alternative ways of thinking about public relations. On the other hand, ethnography can help PR practitioners understand public relations and its effects in different ways. As one come across research from the 1990s and 2000s, they will realize that many of these researches drew on Hofstede’s extensive studies, mapping four dimensions of national culture. These four dimensions of national cultures are: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity versus feminity and individualist versus collective. Although extensive, Hofstede’s studies show only a static understand of culture, and is focused on understanding the culture of others in order to perform business functions more effectively. In spite of that, public relations should focus more on building and maintaining multicultural relationships and communities. In this increasingly globalized world, PR practitioners are crossing borders more, whether online or offline. Effectively, PR practitioners can be said as culture workers. Because of this, PR practitioners need to have more understanding of different cultures and the cultural differences. By developing an understanding for cultural differences, they may come to realize that one approach may not work across all cultures. As such, intercultural competence is very important for a PR practitioner. Developing intercultural competence will allow for a PR practitioner to come up with better approaches when working with different cultures. One example will be the difference between PR in America and China. Using Hofstede’s dimensions, one will find that the Chinese culture is very different from the American culture. The Chinese society in China firmly believes that a wide power distance is acceptable and that inequalities are acceptable; whereas the Americans are more open and there is a very narrow power distance between the higher and lower ranking members of an organization. PR in Singapore is also vastly different to practices in China. To the Chinese, because China is such a relationship-rooted society, networking and PR activities are expected to include gifting, as well as having to â€Å"wine and dine† a client before discussing official business. In Singapore, this is not widely-practiced, and doing so may seem like one is accepting favours or bribes. Such are examples of how difference in culture may affect a PR practitioner’s approach. Cultures may also be split into three areas, namely: occupational, organizational and education and research. In occupational cultures, research has to be done as cultural concepts are key to understanding public relations â€Å"as an occupational culture as well as a form of culture-worker† (Edwards Hodges, 2011). The various roles of public relations in culture highlights many different practices, which can be applied to many aspects of client handling. PR in occupational cultures can also be said to comprise of more than one culture such as â€Å"consultancy culture† and â€Å"in-house culture†. These cultural constraints, if understood, can help explain the relationship between PR and society. On top of that, it can also shine light on how cultural and societal conventions influence the industry in different contexts, and shape expectations and generate stereotypes or caricatures (Edwards Hodges, 2011). On the other hand, PR in organizational culture approaches research very differently and for different purposes. Anthropological concepts can be used to decipher the role of public relations in order to establish dichotomy of a manager-technician (Edwards Hodges, 2011). Because the nature of a PR practitioner’s work is necessarily cultural, research is instrumental to show that they are doing more outside of what is commonly perceived of them. In educational and research cultures, PR research can be useful to provide insights into â€Å"the existence and origin of resistances and negotiation over the curriculum† (Edwards Hodges, 2011). Ethnographical research can also be used to look into the cultures of professionals and those who are involved in the education industry. Because of the diversity of cultures, a PR practitioner has to develop a set of intercultural skills which are crucial to their work. Some examples of such skills will include knowledge of the different cultures, having an open mind as well as having empathy. Intercultural skills are important to a PR practitioner simply because of the number of different cultures that they will interact with in the span of their career. More often than not, a PR practitioner will find that a single approach will not work across all cultures, that â€Å"one shoe does not fit all†. As such, honing their intercultural skills is a must in order for them to come up with cultural-appropriate approaches. Intercultural competence involves both intrapersonal and interpersonal skills. Intrapersonal competencies mostly involve cognitive skills, which is altering one’s perspective to see from another person’s perspective. It also involves self-reflection, problem solving, as well as culture-detection (Stier, 2006). In addition, it also deals with understanding why people feel certain ways as well as the implications of these feelings and how people cope with them, which may be triggered by unknown cultural settings (Stier, 2006). Interpersonal competencies, however, involves interactive skills. Skills such as being able to â€Å"detect and interpret non-verbal cues, subtle signals and emotional responses† (Steir, 2006), as well as how to respond to them fittingly. The most important aspect of intercultural competence that a PR person has to possess is arguably empathy. Empathy, according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, is the act of understanding and being sensitive to the feelings, thoughts and experiences of another. Being a â€Å"culture worker†, a PR person’s work spans many cultures. One have to understand that imposing their own thoughts and culture on another will not go down well, and that the right approach is to instead take the time to first understand how the culture functions and produce meaning. Culture plays a very big part in a PR person’s work. It is closely related to the way a PR practitioner is able to carry out their work, and PR practitioners have to do adequate research in order to prep themselves for the different cultures they will come across. Common research methods include the anthropological and ethnographical methods. Other than research, intercultural competence is also very important to a PR person. Because we live in an increasingly globalized community, it is inevitable that we will interact with many different cultures. Understanding of these cultures and one’s own will help one to understand the differences in each other’s cultures, so as to come up with better approaches when working with them. In conclusion, PR work requires cultural competence as it negotiates cultures, crossing boundaries online and off. Practitioners have to be flexible and understand the cultural values which are the foundations of the industry, as well as understand their cultural heritage. PR work also requires global and local knowledge, so as to facilitate to different cultures. Most of all, PR people should focus on building positive multicultural relationships and communities, as well as maintaining them. References What is Anthropology? (n.d.). Retrieved May 26, 2015, from http://www.aaanet.org/about/whatisanthropology.cfm Bardhan, N., Weaver, C. (2010). Public relations in global cultural contexts (p. 298). London, Abingdon, Ox: Routledge. Definition of â€Å"Empathy†. (n.d.). Retrieved May 27, 2015, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/empathy Edwards, L., Hodges, C. (2011). Public relations, society culture: Theoretical and empirical explorations (1st ed.). New York, New York: Routledge. Stier, J. (2006). Internationalisation, intercultural communication and intercultural competence. Journal of Intercultural Communication, (11). Retrieved May 27, 2015, from http://www.immi.se/intercultural/nr11/stier.pdf Thwaites, T., Davis, L., Mules, W. (1994). Tools for cultural studies: An introduction (1st ed.). South Melbourne, Melbourne: Macmillan Education Australia.

Polonius and Laertes Assist Hamlet :: Essays Papers

Polonius and Laertes Assist Hamlet 1. In his play, Hamlet, William Shakespeare uses various foils to make the play more complex. These foils involve numerous characters that help to develop different relationships and conflicts. Without these foils, the relationships and conflicts would not happen, and the play could not develop. They help us to understand Hamlet[']s actions and bring diversity to the play. Polonius and Laertes are the main foils for Hamlet. Polonius shows how irrational Hamlet thinks, and Laertes shows that Hamlet must pay for his actions, even if he is royalty. This plot and conflict develop from the similarities and differences between Hamlet and the foils. 2. Why are foils required to understand and develop the play? A foil is a minor character used to help develop or understand a major character. The foil must have some similarities with the major character in order to create a link with him. A foil must also be different in order to show or distinguish something about the major character. The foil does not always have an active role. Sometimes the foil is just someone for the major character to talk to. This allows his ideas to come through to the audience without a narrator; therefore, the foil is a kind of prop to help develop the role of the major character. Without a foil, there is no one to help develop or understand the major character, [;] thus his ideas cannot be revealed to the audience. Polonius was an important foil for Hamlet. 3. Polonius and Hamlet were similar in that they both loved Ophelia and tried to protect her. While Polonius died trying, Hamlet encouraged [?] her to go to a nunnery. Unfortunately, she died anyway. Also, Hamlet and Polonius both died trying to protect a woman. Polonius was trying to protect Ophelia from Hamlet, just as Hamlet was trying to protect his mother from Claudius. [Nice point] Both men were also loyal to a king--Polonius to Claudius, and Hamlet to his father. Here again, both kings were killed. 4. Polonius and Hamlet also had their differences. While Polonius was loyal to Claudius, Hamlet was not loyal or even respectful to him. Hamlet knew Claudius was a murderer and Polonius was not even suspicious of King Hamlet’s death. Although they both died, Polonius and Hamlet[']s murders were different.

How college will effect my life Essay

I am excited about the opportunity to go to college and follow a course of study which really interests me. They say accounting is the language of business. I have always been interested in business and as I learn more about accounting, I can’t wait to get started. But when I think about how college will affect my life, I think about independence and the choices I will have to make. The legal drinking age is 21 but I know a lot of college students will drink a few beers or even quite a few beers. Meeting someone and staying overnight at someone else’s place or my own all of a sudden is a choice I need to make. I will be in classes about 15 hours a week and how I use all the other hours of the week is up to me. Heck, even those 15 hours is optional, no parents will be notified if I decide to sleep in. Going to college means real independence where all decisions from what time to get out of bed in the morning to what I choose to drink at night around my new friends, and t he consequences as a result of those decisions, will be 100% on me. As a little girl, I always wanted to be a waitress. But as my dad would say, â€Å"If you want to be a waitress, you first have to go to college, and after college if you still want to be a waitress, go for it.† Going to college will give me the knowledge I need to determine what I am going to do the rest of my life. While technology and the world at large is changing rapidly, college will give me the skills to think clearly about problems, communicate logically with peers, and resolve issues for the benefit of all. These basic life skills will equip me for whatever I choose to do in this ever changing environment. While I don’t know exactly how college will affect my life, I do know that what I will be at age 22 will be very different from what I am at age 18.

Develop A Sustainable Tourism Industry In The Antarctic Tourism Essays

Develop A Sustainable Tourism Industry In The Antarctic Tourism Essays Develop A Sustainable Tourism Industry In The Antarctic Tourism Essay Develop A Sustainable Tourism Industry In The Antarctic Tourism Essay The intent of this paper is to make research of the touristry industry in Antarctica continent harmonizing to the research inquiry of How to develop a sustainable touristry industry in the Antarctic? It is a cardinal to hold cooperation from every organisation related to Antarctica touristry. Since the continent has been consider as fragile and being the most valuable topographic point to humankind for geographic expedition in many facets such as environmental issues. Furthermore, the direction in this part is rather interesting as there are no for good resident lifes, and seven states doing territory claims during the first half of twentieth century. In decision, the positions from circuit operators, tourers and the organisations that work closely to Antarctica are really of import to better and continue as the universe heritage site. Antarctica is the most stray continent that covers the underside of the Earth ; it is besides normally known as the South Pole . It is the coldest, windiest, highest and driest topographic point on Earth with no lasting dwellers populating at that place. Therefore, it is a challenge to research Antarctica because of the coldest conditions and beautiful scenery with ice covering all part, interesting local animate beings and works endurance in such country. Travel to Antarctica is one sort of escapade touristry and in the average clip, this can besides be education touristry as scientists from all over the universe semen to analyze the being and ecosystem. Antarctica is rather expensive to go to but most of the visitants find that their experiences are exceed their outlooks ( Alone Planet, 2010 ) . This paper besides points out about the negative impacts from touristry on Antarctic, particularly from human activities toward its environment and agencies of protecting it. Not merely in the Antarctic but besides all over the universe have concern been expressed about the clime alteration and planetary heating. Ozone depletion and thaw glaciers are the serious environmental jobs to this continent every bit good. We will see how touristry developments in the Antarctic happen and how to keep sustainable touristry in this part. There are no eating houses, theatres or shopping promenades, what attracts tourers to travel at that place. All of the information above can be found in this paper. Brief Information and Background about Antarctica Timeline History The ancient Greeks who foremost came up with the thought of this continent named Arktos have known about Antarctica since 350 B.C. , but they neer really went at that place. In the twelvemonth 1773, James Cook circumnavigated Antarctica that means he was the first individual to traverse the Antarctic circle. He made a remark: I make bold to declare that the universe will deduce no benefit from it ( cool Antarctica, 2001 ) . In 1820, the Antarctic continent was foremost seen by human eyes from three work forces whose separate ocean trips had been given recognition that twelvemonth. During the old ages 1840 to 1914 there were many historic trips from the travellers eager to research the continent and many trips failed and calamity happened such as a ship that sank and the crew perished because they could nt stand with the highly cold conditions. The first aeroplane flight was made by Sir George Hubert Wilkins in the twelvemonth 1928. December 1, 1959, the Antarctic Treaty was signed to set up the legal model for the direction of Antarctica. In 1991, 24 states signed an understanding that barred geographic expedition for oil or mineral sedimentation for 50 old ages ( Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 1999 ) . Antarctica Geography, Wildlife and Flora Antarctica is centered on the geographical South Pole with 13.9 million square kilometres or about twice the size of Australia. For 1000000s of old ages snow and ice have built up, doing the continent wholly covered by an ice sheet comprises about 98 % of Antarctica s surface which is about 95 % of the universe s fresh H2O militias. The lowest temperatures can drop down every bit -89.6AÂ °C. Antarctica is ranked as the 5th largest of the seven continents. The continent lacks an autochthonal human population, but is place to 1000000s of penguins, sea birds, seals, giants and impermanent place to thousand of scientists and their support staff. The trademark wildlife of Antarctica is penguins with seven species, merely the male hatch individual egg for nine hebdomads on their pess. Penguins feed to a great extent on fish, calamari and crustaceans, its natural enemies are seals and slayer giants. Watching winging sea birds is one of the popular activities for tourers while rolling on the sail. The millstone is the largest winging sea bird with 4 metres wingspan. Other intriguing marine animate beings are South-polar seals, utilizing echo sounder for eating, chiefly on fish, calamari and krill ( a key species for Antarctic ecosystem ) . During the 19th and twentieth centuries, seals were to a great extent hunted for their teguments, pelt and oil, driving them about to extinction. Today, seals are protected by the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals, which allows a little quota for scientific scrutiny. The biggest warm-blooded mammals on this continent are giants. They live their full lives in the H2O and has a lifetime between 20 and 40 old ages up to 80. Antarctica has been declared an international giant sanctuary with whaling activities closely monitored by the International Whaling Commission ( IWC ) ( South-polar Connection, 2010 ) . Many people may be confused and think that there are polar bears in Antarctica but it was incorrect because polar bears merely live in the North Pole. Because of the hostile clime, non many workss can turn good since merely about 2 % of Antarctica is ice-free. There are merely two native workss that can turn a grass and a shock absorber organizing pearlweed ( Torahs, 1989 ) . Mosss, hepatics and lichens are the greatest involvement to tourist for picture taking ( Bauer, 2001 ) as they add some colour to the part instead than white from the ice sheet. There are some steps to protect Antarctic wildlife and nature such as: Do non utilize aircraft, little boats to upset wildlife, either sea or land and do non do any loud noise to scare them. Do non feed, touch seals, penguins and birds or do anything to do them to change their behaviour. Do non damage workss or convey non-native workss or animate beings into the Antarctic. Tourism in Antarctica and its development Antarctica can be referred to a fragile and unknown continent ( Bauer, 2001 ) . The South-polar touristry industry began in the late fiftiess when Chile and Argentina took more than 500 riders to the South Shetland Islands. The universe first expedition ship called Lindblad Explorer was designed in 1969 for transporting tourers to the Antarctic ; this was in the period of modern sail industry. Since so, the figure of tourers has grown from a few hundred to more than 30,000 each twelvemonth as shown in figure 1 below. Tourism continues to spread out ; WTO ( 2000 ) prognosis estimated that about 1.56 billion tourers would get by the twelvemonth 2020. Figure 1: The statistics of tourers to Antarctica by nationality in 2008-2009 ( beginning: IAATO ) Large graduated table and uncontrolled touristry can hold a destructive impact on the continent s environment. Therefore, all of the transportation companies, travel bureaus, yachts and air operations have become members of International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators or IAATO founded in 1991 to advance and pattern safe and environmentally responsible action in the Antarctic ( IAATO, n.d. ) . No visa is required for going to Antarctica, but travellers have to look into with the circuit operator in instance they make Michigans at other states. Travel insurance is extremely recommended. Late October through early April is suited clip to go because it is the ice recede period, yearss are long up to 24 hours of daytime in December and January. The gateway ports to South-polar part include Valparaiso, Chile ; Ushuaia, Argentina and Invercargill / Bluff ; New Zealand ( Travel and Leisure, 2010 ) . Antarctica is an about wholly unaccessible finish with no land connexions or regular commercial flights. Therefore, the lone manner to see Antarctica is by fall ining a plan conducted by circuit operators: sails, yachts, over flights without landings. With the absence of a local Antarctic population, one interesting inquiry is ; Who will profit from South-polar touristry activities? In my sentiment, the 1 who will acquire the benefit from South-polar touristry is the circuit operator in the term of economic sciences but in the interim, the tourer will besides derive their truly dramatic experience where it can non be bought. As mentioned in the debut, going to Antarctica can be categorized as escapade and instruction touristry because of its geographics environing natural research labs for scientific research, which can non be done anyplace else on Earth. The research involves authorities bureaus, private industry, scientists and pupils from the university modules. The most interesting research falls among the undermentioned topics: geology, glaciology, oceanology, uranology, weather forecasting, atmospheric scientific disciplines, biological science and medical scientific discipline ( South-polar Connection, 2010 ) . Therefore, most of the tourers traveling to Antarctica are scientists and pupil groups to detect instance surveies and learn from existent experience. What make people want to see Antarctica one time in a life-time and what are the activities for the tourer while they are here will be described. Peoples who love escapade, challenge and want to research the extraordinary experience will be after their trip here. Gunn ( 1988 ) describes attractive force as on location topographic points in parts that non merely supply things for tourers to see and to make but besides offer the magnetic attraction for travel. The attractive forces is the most powerful constituent of supply side of touristry Here are the lists of tourer attractive forces in Antarctica ; Natural Attractions tourer can watch a great natural position from the tall mountains, monolithic glaciers, ice shelves, immense drifting icebergs, vegetation, sea bird, seals and penguins. Scientific Research Stations the popular Stationss for tourer are the Argentinean and Esperanza. Visits to scientific Stationss provide a opportunity to run into dwellers who spent long periods of their clip and have another chance to discourse and interchange their travel experience in this part. Historic Sites, Monuments and Huts where the adventurers left behind, the most often visited huts is the 1 built by Scott and Shackleton on Ross Island. One concern job is that excessively many visitants may damage the sites, therefore the 33 historic huts and sites are managed by the New Zealand Antarctic Heritage Trust and restrict for the maximal figure of visitants inside the huts and to guarantee that the figure is non exceeded ( Bauer, 2001 ) . Whaling Station Whaling has become unacceptable for environmentalists and these mammals are about nonextant, but Stationss such as Whalers Bay and Stromness are included in many sail paths. Traveling to Antarctica is risk-taking ; as a consequence, a professional circuit operator that prepares all the necessary equipment and eventuality program is recommended. Before be aftering to travel to Antarctica, the tourer should fix and cognize their capablenesss. Health check-up is indispensable, and thick apparels are really of import to maintain the organic structure warm. Bear in head that an accident can go on at any clip. Respect the ordinances purely such as do non walk onto glaciers, where you can fall into concealed crevasses. Environmental Impacts from Antarctica Tourism Many chief causes from the touristry can impact the ecosystem of Antarctica ; for illustration pollution through sewerage, fuels, oil, waste and noise from the transit and homo both tourers and scientists. Furthermore, debut of non-native dirts, workss and animate beings, or even travel on pes and perturbation of local bird or seal genteelness settlements besides cause an impact. This is a really serious job to the Earth as it may destruct nature and accumulate into a large issue. Hence, it is one of the circuit operator s duties to explicate, train and rede the tourers how they have to act during the trip. The information must incorporate clear, utile information of bash and make nt in Antarctica with the ground at the terminal so that the tourer will understand what will impact the environment if they break the regulations. Climate alteration involves human intercessions such as the emanations of nursery gases ; the experience from National Antarctic Programs over the two decennaries demonstrates that cut downing nursery gas emanations from human activities in Antarctica can give immense benefits to planetary environment. Besides all economic activities such as piscaries should be managed in a preventative manner. Harmonizing to the research, during the old ages 2004-2005 about 50,000 tourers traveled to Antarctica, therefore the norm of each individual emanation of CO2 was 4 dozenss during their stay, which normally lasted several months ( Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition, 2009 ) . Glacier thaw and ozone depletion are major jobs to Antarctica as it affect the life animal. The chief cause is from planetary heating that accelerate the thaw of glaciers. Those effects include inordinate implosion therapy, rise in sea degree and habitat loss ( Buzzle, 2010 ) . Chlorofluorocarbon or CFC s found in aerosol sprays, air conditioning systems and iceboxs is a major cause of the devastation of the ozone bed over Antarctica. There is an stray part in the ambiance which had a round gesture called polar whirl and research workers believe that the gases will drift about 20-50 kilometers above the land towards Antarctica, therefore, making a large hole above ( thinkquest, 2010 ) . Furthermore, hapless visitants direction can do ecology harm such as stepping on the moss can impact its slow growth, upseting wildlife can impact their behaviour and their genteelness, rubbish and waste from the ships and sails can falsify the balance of ecology. Even an accident such as oil spill and chemical leak can hold a large impact, as it will take a long clip to vanish from the sea surface ( Gee, 2003 ) . Future prognosis for Antarctica in the twelvemonth 2100 are 33 % decrease of sea ice, all chief krill will see nutrient restrictions, and the figure of mike giant will be depleted by 5-30 % . A possible version is to protect the country and maintain stable sea ice, control human activities to minimise impact and to implement appropriate biosecurity steps. Antarctica plays an of import function in the Earth s clime system as the research is important for understanding planetary heating, in decision it need to be monitored closely for every activity happening in Antarctica. Regulation of South-polar Tourism under the Antarctic Treaty System Antarctica is different from any other topographic point in the universe ; it is a continent that is non owned by any state, organisation or single. The alone political state of affairs makes the direction of touristry activities here unlike any other tourer finishs. Seven states doing district claims in Antarctica: Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom. The pact was signed on December 1, 1959 with a sum of 44 states subscribing the pact ; 7 claim district in Antarctica, 12 are Original Signatories and 27 are Advisory Parties ( Australian Antarctic Division, 2000 ) . The Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties ( ATCPs ) hold one-year meetings to discourse issues and do recommendations to each party s authorities for the direction of Antarctic personal businesss. The Treaty describes steps for regulations puting to each country for proper usage of the environment ( Australian Antarctic Division, 2000 ) . The chief aims of Treaty province that Antarctica is to be used for peaceable intents and prohibit for military activities or any arms, there are freedom for scientific research and scientific information sharing, radioactive and atomic stuffs are banned ( skwirk, 2010 ) . It is good to hold at least one organisation to command and be responsible for the distant land like Antarctica otherwise at that place would non hold been the land left until the present clip. U.S diplomats proposed spread outing the 50 old ages old of Antarctic Treaty System to include the limitations on touristry. The Obama disposal forcing the bounds on the size of sail ships sailing and the figure of riders bring to ashore to protect Antarctica s environment under international jurisprudence limitation on touristry. The intent is to minimise the accidental of marine oil spills to guarantee that the touristry is responsible in safety and environmentally ( fox intelligence, 2010 ) Figure 2.1: Antarctica Territorial Claims ( Source: Australia Antarctic Division ) Figure 2.2: Antarctica Seven Countries Territorial Claims Figure 2.1 shows the large image of the Antarctica and the Southern Ocean Territorial Claims by seven states where figure 2.2 shows the little image of those seven states claims for clearly illustrate. Not many topographic points in the Earth where at that place has neer been war, the environment is cleanly and to the full protected which is the topographic point where scientific research has full authorization such like Antarctica. Because of no original dweller in this part, there should be some authorities sector to run and supervise on it. The aims of the Treaty is to guarantee that the country is zone free for atomic trial and used the country for peaceable mission merely, to advance international scientific and to put aside disputes over territorial sovereignty. Is Tourism in Antarctica Sustainable? And how to develop a sustainable touristry industry in the Antarctic Over the past few decennaries, touristry industry is one of the universe s fastest turning industries. So far, Antarctica is one of a few countries in the universe that remained untouchable whereas the figure of tourers has been steadily increasing harmonizing to the statistics from the beginning of South-polar touristry in 1960s until now. The major environmental impact in Antarctic is from touristry ; therefore sustainable touristry has been introduced and integrated into this country. Sustainable Tourism is an effectual balance among economic, environmental and socio-cultural facets of touristry development to guarantee that there is less impact to the topographic point visited and to vouch long-run benefits for all community involved ( UNWTO, 2004 ) , including continue maintaining the natural resources for our following coevals to be seen every bit good as we have seen it today. Sustainability becomes the most often addressed in touristry during 1990s in order to keep, continue or reconstruct resources for touristry development that have the least negative impacts on the natural environments, to boot, this is more environmentally friendly sort of touristry ( Bauer, 2001 ) . The term sustainable development is now replacing the old word preservation. One sort of touristry that is the look of sustainable touristry development is called ecotourism ( Ritchie A ; Goeldner, 1994 ) , connoting that touristry development and resource protection can be compatible. During the advancement of touristry, ecotourism offers chance for fiscal support for resource protection ( Ziffer, 1989 ) . Does touristry in Antarctica autumn into ecotourism class? Since it offers travel experience with educational and out-of-door escapade. Ecotourism can specify as going to remote or natural countries to heighten understanding with grasp of environment and cultural heritage while avoiding impairment to stay the same status for others experiences ( Figgis, 1993 ) . Therefore, touristry in Antarctica could be one sort of ecotourism. The sustainable development end in Antarctica including the function of touristry that focused on finish instead than human development. It is believed that tourers who visit Antarctica could be spokesperson and go more active in protecting the continent because they have seen the existent scenario in forepart and would hold the feeling to continue this valuable district. One of the article study and interview with the circuit organiser and tourer about the overview of the Antarctica touristry in the hereafter, many of the interviewees believe that more ordinance is truly needed for efficaciously direction and besides the enforce restrictive policies should be issue. The manner to better the function of Antarctic Treaty System ( ATS ) for the ordinance of South-polar touristry is to set up a committee with the representatives from chief touristry states that reported to ATS ( Lamers, 2009 ) . Accreditation system set up has been suggested for touristry operators to vouch safe and for industry criterions ( Australia, 2004 ) . The issue of specific limitation and prohibition of the figure of tourers or ships sing Antarctica has been raised, but that would be hard because of political will and troubles of implementing as states might non desire to restrict their economical chances in such country. Although the general rules of South-polar touristry are accepted on environmental quality and human safety, in footings of future graduated table and the control of touristry development still in statement. Some sentiment seeing touristry as a harmless activity, which can make embassador of Antarctica against the annihilating actions that might go on in the hereafter. Second position sees touristry as a possible beginning of income for local stakeholder such as National Antarctic Program or NAPs. Third perspective sees that touristry is allowable every bit long as there is no negative impact to the environment ( Lamers, 2009 ) . The last position is a good decision due to the fact that travel with harmless to the nature is one sort of sustainable going therefore the clearly touristry policy towards Antarctica should be made all of a sudden. Planing with the solution is rather a good reappraisal in order to keep the last resources of the universe. Adaptation to the state of affairs is besides necessary, we must alter our life before we are force to make so ( Thomas, 2009 ) . How can sustainable touristry in Antarctica be achieved? It is non an answerability of any company, organisation or state but it need cooperation from everyone who involve in such concerns or topographic points such as the circuit operator, tourer, authorities or even the local who live near the tourer attractive force. Antarctica is the ultimate finish for anyone interested in natural history but it besides challenges those people who visit to believe loosely about our duties to all life on Earth. That s the position of Dr.Robert Lambert, a lector on Tourism and the Environment at The University of Nottingham, who has merely returned from the Antarctic as an perceiver for the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators ( IAATO ) ( Science Daily, 2008 ) . Hence, any rubbish should non be leave in the country to keep natural and undestroyed, the tourer should recognize that they are short-run visit, full responsible and ethical to environing environment is indispensable. Decision In order to pattern sustainable touristry in Antarctica, it should be clearly understood the construct that to be sustainable is to go with witting and profoundly understand the value of nature, be concerned and recognize the effects that might go on in the hereafter are non merely in a positive manner but besides in negative ways. The construct of sustainable touristry is wider range on economic sciences, environmental and socio-cultural whereas ecotourism is focus on environmental and ecological issues. In add-on, sustainable touristry is emphasize on autochthonal people, in this instance it mean the local zoology that live in Antarctica. The preservationist dying that in the hereafter Antarctica will be in the crisis of planetary heating which is the consequence from human activities that may do the zoology become nonextant. In add-on, the ozone depletion that makes the universe get higher temperature and do the glacier thaw is one of the possibilities for the disappearing of Anta rctica Continent in the following decennary. A large implosion therapy could go on as Antarctica has approximately 95 % of the universe s fresh H2O militias, therefore it is possibility consequence to the close placed states and besides to the universe. An active part to the community is one sort of sustainable touristry as some tourers might volunteer to assist make or continue the natural resources. The tourer who visit to the rare topographic point of the universe like Antarctica must be chesty and experience cherish that give a power to make something to assist advance or continue the cherished topographic point before it is excessively late to protect. They may give a contribution to the foundation, or compose a narrative on the cyberspace to portion their experience and their feeling sing the wonderland like Antarctica. This is another manner to show their purpose of how of import to continue and do it sustainable. Since the current universe is trusting on the cyber and cyberspace, the information seting should be trusty to avoid misinterpretation. To reply the research inquiry: How to develop a sustainable touristry industry in the Antarctic? will non be easy if there is a deficiency of cooperation from many sides or parties that have to associate and portion in South-polar touristry. Henceforth, the organisation that have influence in Antarctica such as the seven states that doing territory claims or Antarctic Treaty Consultative Party ( ATCP ) , International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators ( IAATO ) should hold an explicitly guideline to the refering parties. Updated ordinance and prohibition is important due to the universe has alteration and the old regulations may non follow with the new facing jobs. As the Antarctic touristry regulated by ATCP has been considered weak and excessively slow in execution procedure and decision-making ( Bastmeijer A ; Roura, 2004 ) , besides many ordinances are non lawfully mandatory ( Bastmeijer, 2003 ) hence transparently operation is really of import in the self-regulatory gove rnment. World Tourism Organisation ( WTO ) launched the rule of sustainable touristry and defined as: development that meets the demands of present tourers and host parts while protecting and heightening chances for the hereafter. It is envisaged as taking to direction of all resources in such a manner that economic, societal and aesthetic demands can be fulfilled while keeping cultural unity, indispensable ecological procedures, biological diverseness and life support systems ( WTO, 1993 ) . The success of a sustainable touristry development in the Antarctic should be uniting with the sustainable usage, resource preservation, economic development and variegation, larning about the natural and cultural environment ( Wylie, 1994 ) . Good beginnings of information and cognition are really of import in development since the tourers may non cognize profoundly approximately Antarctica as scientist, for that ground the tourers must hold utile information about the topographic point visit and cognize how to act during the trip. Such information is really critical to avoid the hazard of set uping an environment and ecosystem. Traveling with unhurt nature is the best solution to develop sustainable touristry since we can be appreciate the nature and at the same clip can maintain the same resources last long.

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